PSYC*2360 Chapter 5: Qualitative Research

Question 1

Are methodologies that focus on obtaining an in-depth account of participants’ perspective on a topic known as qualitative or quantitative?

Answer 1

Qualitative

Question 2

T or F: Quantitative research favours studying participants on naturally occurring settings.

Answer 2

False. Qualitative favours naturalistic observation.

Question 3

In qualitative research, are statistics typically used to test hypotheses?

Answer 3

No

Question 4

In qualitative research, are statistics typically used to describe phenomenons?

Answer 4

Yes

Question 5

T or F: In qualitative studies, predictions are not often made.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Why do qualitative measures typically have fewer concerns related to validity and accuracy of conclusions?

Answer 6

Because participants are able to clarify what they mean and correct misinterpretations

Question 7

What is member-checking/response validation?

Answer 7

Recontacting participants to get their input on how their responses were coded and add credibility to the information

Question 8

Are methodologies that seek to objectively examine associations between variables, predict outcomes, and make comparisons known as qualitative or quantitative?

Answer 8

Quantitative

Question 9

T or F: A general goal of qualitative research is to extend conclusions to others.

Answer 9

False. Generalization is a goal of quantitative research.

Question 10

What is mixed methods research?

Answer 10

A blend of qualitative and quantitative methods to examine a research question from multiple perspectives

Question 11

What is triangulation?

Answer 11

A research strategy that involves using multiple techniques and/or samples to assess the same information and provide a more comprehensive examination

Question 12

What is reflexivity?

Answer 12

A practice in which the researcher monitors ad records their role in data collection continuously throughout the study

Question 13

T or F: Qualitative research encourages reflexivity.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Does a bottom-up design involve using an inductive or deductive approach?

Answer 14

Inductive

Question 15

When a researcher develops a theory by exploring a topic using information from participants’ direct experiences, are they using a top-down or bottom-up approach?

Answer 15

Bottom-up

Question 16

Does qualitative research typically employ a top-down or bottom-up approach?

Answer 16

Bottom-up

Question 17

Does a top-down design involve using an inductive or deductive approach?

Answer 17

Deductive

Question 18

When a researcher tests preconceptions and previously established theories by collecting data, are they using a top-down or bottom-up approach?

Answer 18

Top-down

Question 19

What is a situated analysis?

Answer 19

Involves examining a topic while it’s embedded within its naturally occurring context

Question 20

T or F: Qualitative research strives to provide situated analyses.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

What is a holistic analysis?

Answer 21

Involves examining how numerous properties contribute to patterns within the larger and more complex system

Question 22

In using a phenomenological approach, what do researcher hope to understand?

Answer 22

A human experience and the meaning of experiences based on how those involved view that situation

Question 23

What is archival data?

Answer 23

Data that have already been collected in naturally occurring settings

Question 24

What is a focus group?

Answer 24

A data collection format where several participants gather to discuss a topic

Question 25

What is a comprehensive description of a specific organization, group, or person studies over a period of time referred to as?

Answer 25

A case study

Question 26

What are six types of case studies?

Answer 26

- Collective/multiple - Descriptive - Explanatory - Exploratory - Instrumental - Intrinsic

Question 27

What is a collective case study?

Answer 27

A comparison of multiple case studies

Question 28

What is a descriptive case study?

Answer 28

A case study that seeks information about how interventions operate in real-life context

Question 29

What is an explanatory case study?

Answer 29

A case study that focuses on the reasons why an intervention produces a certain outcome

Question 30

What is an exploratory case study?

Answer 30

A case study that seeks to outline potential outcomes of an intervention

Question 31

What is an instrumental case study?

Answer 31

A case study that is designed to serve a specific purpose or as an example of a particular issue

Question 32

What is an intrinsic case study?

Answer 32

A case study in which the researcher has direct interest in a particular case

Question 33

What type of design uses detailed and long-term observations or interactions to situate a phenomenon in the proper cultural context of those being studied?

Answer 33

Ethnography

Question 34

What is visual ethnography?

Answer 34

A type of ethnography that combines observations and interactions with visual media like photos or videos

Question 35

What is a narrative analysis?

Answer 35

An examination of first-person stories or descriptions of one's life

Question 36

What type of research design explicitly involves participants and tries to change some aspect of the research's focus?

Answer 36

Action research

Question 37

What is a postmodern approach?

Answer 37

A research approach that explicitly questions basic assumptions about nature and the capabilities of research

Question 38

T or F: The most valued interview questions are typically long, but provoke short answers.

Answer 38

False. The most valued questions are typically short, but provoke long answers.

Question 39

What are the three main types of interviews?

Answer 39

- Structured interviews - Unstructured interviews - Semi structured interviews

Question 40

In which type of interview are specific questions asked in a standardized, fixed order with little to no probing?

Answer 40

Structured interviews

Question 41

Which type of interview is typically used for quantitative approaches?

Answer 41

Structured interviews

Question 42

In which type of interview are potential topics anticipated, but no specific questions are planned?

Answer 42

Unstructured interviews

Question 43

Which type of interview is typically used for qualitative approaches?

Answer 43

Unstructured interviews

Question 44

In which type of interview are some questions and portions of the order preplanned, but the interviewer can ask additional questions to encourage elaboration?

Answer 44

Semi-structured interviews

Question 45

Which type of interview often incorporates a critical incident technique?

Answer 45

Semi-structured interviews

Question 46

What is a critical incident technique?

Answer 46

Involves asking the participant to focus on a specific event or behaviour

Question 47

What is a unit of analysis in an interview?

Answer 47

The major entity under investigation or the type of data that is the focus of the study

Question 48

What are the four main steps involved in the typical procedure for conducting an interview?

Answer 48

- State purpose - Identify potential participants - Determine the questions being asked - Determine the order of the questions

Question 49

What is interview bias?

Answer 49

When the interview influences participant responses

Question 50

What is an interview schedule/ interview agenda?

Answer 50

A type of protocol that includes questions to ask and the order they should be asked in

Question 51

Should sensitive or difficult questions be asked at the beginning or end of an interview?

Answer 51

The end once rapport has been established

Question 52

An analysis technique involving examination of natural dialogue patterns and features like turn-taking, gaze direction, and speech sequence is known as what?

Answer 52

A conversation analysis

Question 53

The systematic analysis of interview content, involving the organization and summary of the substance of communication, is known as what?

Answer 53

A content analysis

Question 54

What are the three steps involved in developing a coding scheme?

Answer 54

- Review data and identify major concepts - Arrange concepts into groups of themes that highlight associations between categories - Pick a core concept to tie together the various concepts

Question 55

What is the grounded theory technique?

Answer 55

An approach where the researcher doesn't have any explicit theories or hypotheses to test prior to research

Question 56

Is the grounded theory technique typically used to perform a content analysis or a conversation analysis?

Answer 56

Content analysis

Question 57

Is the grounded theory technique an inductive or deductive method?

Answer 57

Inductive