PSYC*2360 Chapter 11: Factorial Design Flashcards
What is the term used to describe the description of a hypothetical situation, event, or scenario to which participants react?
Vignette
When are vignettes especially useful?
When studying situations that can’t be recreated in a lab due to practical or ethical reasons
T or F: Vignettes provide a great deal of experimental control
True
What are factors also known as?
Independent variables
What is a factorial design?
An experimental design that has more than one independent variable
When looking at the notation of a factorial design, what does the amount of numbers indicate?
How many independent variables the design includes
When looking at the notation of a factorial design, what does the value of each number indicate?
How many levels/conditions each independent variable has
When looking at the notation of a factorial design, what can be determined by multiplying the levels of the independent variables?
The number of treatment conditions needed
How many possible outcomes are there for a 2x2 factorial design?
8
T of F: In their most basic form, factorial designs are not true experiments.
False
Are all independent variables in factorial designs within-subjects or between-subjects?
Between-subjects
What happens if any one of the independent variables in a factorial design is switched to be within-subjects?
It is no longer a factorial design, and is considered a mixed design
What is a hybrid design?
Any factorial design with at least one quasi-independent variable
T or F: Hybrid designs limit the causal conclusions that can be made.
True
What are four benefits of factorial designs?
- Able to determine causation
- More efficient than conducting multiple two-group designs
- Results more closely approximate everyday lives
- Allows for the determination of potential interactions
What is an interaction in a factorial design?
When the effect of an IV changes at different levels of another IV
In an interaction, is the result an effect that is the same as or different from the average of the main effects?
Different from
In a factorial design, what is the opposite of an interaction?
An additive effect
What is an additive effect in a factorial design?
When the effect of combined IVs is the same as the sum of thier separate effects
What is the difference between a main effect hypothesis and an interaction effect hypothesis?
- Main effect: predictions about the effect of only one IV on the DV at a time (ignoring all other IVs)
- Interaction effect: predictions about how the levels of one IV will combine with another IV to impact the DV beyond the sum of their separate main effects
How many main effect hypotheses are there in a factorial design?
As many as there are independent variables
How many interaction effect hypotheses are there in a factorial design?
As many as there are combinations of independent variables
T or F: The main effect and interaction hypotheses are dependent on one another.
False
What is a crossover interaction?
When the influence of one IV on the other reverses across levels of that other IV
