Psyc Flashcards
(93 cards)
0
Q
Test for comprehension
A
Following multistep commands
1
Q
Test for orientation
A
Providing name location current date
2
Q
Test for concentration
A
Reciting Months of the year backward
3
Q
Test for short-term memory
A
Recalling three unrelated word after five minutes
4
Q
Test for long-term memory
A
Providing details of significant life events
5
Q
Test for a language
A
Writing a complete sentence with noun-verb agreement
6
Q
Test for visual spatial
A
Drying intersecting Pentagon
7
Q
Test for executive function
A
Drawing a clock orientate to the time requested
8
Q
The treatment of status epilepticus
A
First step use IV lorazepam
Second step load with phenytoin
still seizure, start phenobarbital
Still seizure incubate and give general anesthesia
9
Q
Decrease of systolic blood pressure>10, during inspiration
A
Pulsus paradoxus: Cardiac temponade Asthma Obstructive sleep apnea Pericarditis Croup
10
Q
Beat to Beat variation in the magnitude of pulse pressure in the presence of regular cardiac rhythm
A
Pulsus alternans
Occurs in patient with left ventricular dysfunction
11
Q
Two distinct peaks, one during systolic the other during diastole
Best palpated in the cartoid arteries
A
Dicrotic pulse
Occurs in patient with severe systolic dysfunction
12
Q
Pulse alteration literally refers to a pulse of low magnitude with delayed peak
A
Pulsus parvus et tardus
Aortic stenosis
13
Q
Rapid ejection of a large stroke volume against the decrease afterload
A
Hyperkinetic pulse
Occurred during fever or exercise
Or patient with high output conditions such as PDA and AV fistula
14
Q
infant deprivation
A
deprivation>6months can lead to irreversible changes
can result in death
15
Q
child neglect
A
as with child abuse
must report
16
Q
ADHD
A
onset before 7
limited attention span and poor impulse control
normal intelligence
associated with decrease frontal lobe volumes
treatment: methylphenidate, amphetamine, atomoxetine, behaviral
17
Q
Conduct disorder
A
repetitive and pervasive behavior
diagnosis of antisocial personality after 18
18
Q
oppositional defiant disorder
A
enduring pattern of hostile
towards authority figures
19
Q
tourettes’s syndrome
A
onset before 18
rapid, recurrent, nonthythmic, stereotype motor and vocal ties that persist for >1yr
20
Q
coprolalia
A
involuntary obscene of speech
21
Q
separation anxiety disorder
A
common onset at 7-9,
fear of seperation
avoid school
treatment: SSRI
22
Q
autistic disorder
A
severe language impairment and poor social interation
repetitive behavior
below normal intelligency
23
Q
Asperger’s disorder
A
milder form of autism all absorbing interests problem with social relationships normal intelligence and lasck verbral or cognitive deficits no language impairment
24
Rett's disorder
X-linked disorder seen almost exclusively in girls (affected males die in utero or shortly after birth)
apparent around ages1-4
loss of development, loss of verbal ability, mental retardation, ataxia, stereotyped hand-wringing
25
childhood disintegrative disorder
common age of onset is 3-4 yrs
marked regression in multiple areas of functioning after at least 2 yrs
significant loss of expressive or receptive language skills, social skills or adaptive behavior, bowel or bladder control, play, or motor skills
more common in boys
26
anxiety
increase NE, decrease GABA, 5-HT
27
Depression
decrease NE, 5-HT, DA
28
Alzheimer's dementia
decrease ACh
29
Huntington's disease
decrease GABA, ACh
| increase DA
30
Schizophrenia
increase DA
31
Parkinson's disease
decrease da
| increase 5-HT, ACh
32
retrograde amnesia
inability to remember things that occurred before a CNS insult
33
anterograde amnesia
inability to remember thing that occurred after a CNS insult
| no new memory
34
Korsakoff's amnesia
classic anterograde amnesia caused by thiamine deficiency and the associated destruction of mammillary bodies
may also include some retrograde amnesia
seen in alcoholics and associated with confabulation
35
Dissociative amnesia
inability to recall important personal information
| usually subsequent to severe trauma or stress
36
Delirium
```
waxing and waning
rapid decrease
disorganization
hallucination
disturbance in sleep cycle
```
37
Dementia
gradual decrease in intellectual ability or cognition without affecting level of consciousness
memory deficits, aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, loss of abstract thought
with dementia can develop delirium
38
psychosis
hallucination
delusion: false deliefs about oneself or others that persist despit fact
disorganized speech
39
visual hallucination
commonly a feature of medical ilness
| drug intoxication
40
Auditory hallucination
most commonly a feature of psychiatric illness
| schizophrenia
41
olfatory hallucination
often occurs as an aura of psychomotor epilepsy and in brain tumors
42
Gustatory hallucination
rare
43
tactile hallucination
common in alcohol withdrawal (formication- the sensation of bugs crawling on one's skin)
also seen in cocaine abusers(cocaine crawlies)
44
Narcolepsy
hyponagogic-occurs while going to sleep
| hypnopompic-occurs while waking from sleep
45
schizophrenia
chronic mental disorder with periods of psychosis, disturbed behavior and thought and decline functioning
lasts>6 months
Diagnosis: delusion, hallucination, disorganized speech,disoorganized or catatonic behavior
46
Brief psychotic disorder
<1 month
| stress related
47
Schizophreniform disorder
1-6 months
48
Schizoaffective disorder
at least 2 weeks of stable mood with psychotic symptoms, plus a major depressive, manic or mixed (both) episode
2 subtypes: bipolar or depressive
49
delusional disorder
fixed persistent nonbizarre belief system lasting>1 month
functioning otherwise not impaired
believes she is married
50
Shared psychotic disorder
| folie a deux
development of delusions in a person in a close relationship with someone with delusional disorder
often resolves upon separation
51
dissociative identity disorder
formerly known as multiple personality disorder
presence of 2 or more distinct identities or personality state
more common in women
associated with history of sexual abuse
52
depersonalization disorder
persistent feeling of detachment or estrangement from one's own body, a social situation
or the environment
53
dissociative fugus
abrupt changes in geographic location with inability to recall the past;
confusion about personal identity, or assumption of a new identity;
associated with traumatic circumstances
leads to significant distress or impairment
not the result of substance abuse or general medical condition
54
manic episode
lasting at least 1 week
distractibility
irresponsibility
Grandiosity
55
Hypomanic episode
like manic episode except mood disturbance is not severe enough to cause marked impairment in social and/or occupational functioning or to necessitate hospitalization
no psychotic feature
56
bipolar
defined as presence of at least 1 manic or hypomanic episode
depressive symptomsalways occur eventually
use of antidepressants can lead to increase mania.High suicide risk
Treatment: mod stabilizers
57
cyclothymic disorder
dysthymia and hypomania
milder form of bipolar disorder
lasting at last 2 yrs
58
major depressive
6-12 months5/9symptoms for 2 or more weeks
59
dysthymia
milder form of depression lasting at least 2 yrs
60
seasonal affective disorder
symptoms associated with winter seasons
| improves in response to full-spectrum bright-light exposure
61
atypical depression
differs from classical forms of depression
characterized by mood reactivity
reversed vegetative symptoms
leaden paralysis
and long-standing interpersonal rejection sensitvity
treatment: MAO I, SSRIs
62
maternal "blue"
50-85%incidence rate
characterized by depression affect, tearfulness, and fatigue starting 2-3 days after delivery
Usually resolves within 10-14 days
treatment: supportive
63
postpartum depression
10-15% incidence rate
characterized by depressed affect, anxiety, and poor aoncentration starting within 4weeks after delivery
lasts 2 weeks to a yr or more
treatment: antidepressants, psychotherapy
64
postpartum psychosis
0.1-0.2% incidence rate
characterized by delusions hallucinations, confusion, unusual behavior and possible homicidal/suicidal ideation or attempt
last 4-6wks
treatment; antipsychotic, antidepressants,
65
electroconvulsive therapy
treatment optionfor major depressive disorder refractory to other treatment and for pregnant women with major depressive disorder
considered if immediate response is needed
adverse effect: disorientation and temporary anterograde/retrograde amnesia usually fully resolving 6 months
66
panic disorder
presence of recurrent periods of intense fear and discomfort peaking in 10min
67
specific phobia
fear that is excessive or unreasonable and interferes
social phobia
Discrete performance anxiety
agoraphobia
68
OCD
recurring intrustive thoughts feelings or sensation
Ego dystonic
vs. obsessive compulsive personality disorder
69
PTSD vs Acute stress disorder
>1month
| 2days-1month
70
Generalized anxiety disorder vs adjustment disorder
>6 months
| <6months
71
malingering
patient consciously fakes or claims to have a disorder in order to attain a specific 2nd gain(do not work)
72
factitious disorder
patient consciously creats physical and/or psychological symptoms in order to assume sick role and get medical attention (primary gain)
73
munchausen's syndrome
chronic factitious disorder
| by proxy: parents
74
somatoform disorder
variety of complains
in multiple organ systems(4 pain, 2 GI, 1 sexual, 1pseudoneurologic)
developing before age 30 yrs
75
Conversion
sudden loss of sensory or motor function following an acute stressor
they really cannot use the hand or feet
76
hypochondriasis
preoccupation with fear of having a serious illness despite medical evaluation and reassurance
DO NOT REFER
77
body dysmorphic disorder
preoccupation with minor or imagined defect in appearance,
| plastic surgery
78
Pain disorder
prolonged pain with no physical finding
79
paranoid personality
pervasive distrust and suspicious ness
| projection is major defense mechanism
80
schizoid
voluntary social withdrawal limited emotional exppression
| content with
81
schizotypal personality
eccentric appearance
| odd beliefs or magical thinking, interpersonal awkwardness
82
Antisocial personality
Disregard for and violation of rights of others
criminality
M>F
conduct disorder if <18yrs
83
Borderline personality
Unstable mood and interpersonal relationships, impulsiveness, self-mutilation, boredom, sense of emptiness
F>M
splitting is a major defense mechanism
84
Histrionic personality
excessive emotionality and excitability,
attention seeking,
sexually provocative,
overly concerned with appearance
85
Narcissistic personality
Grandiosity sense of entitlement
lacks empathy and requires excessive admiration
often demands the "best" and reacts to criticism with rage
EVERYTHING IS ABOUT ME.
86
avoidant personality
```
hypersensitive to rejection
socially inhibition
timid
feelings of inadequacy
desires relationship with others
SHY BUT WANT RELATIONSHIP
```
87
obsessive-compulsive personality
preoccupation with order
perfectionism and control
ego-syntonic:behavior consistent with one's own beliefs and attitudes
88
Dependent personality
```
submissive and clinging,
excessive need to be taken care of
low self-confidence
need others to make decision for them
abused spouses
```
89
anorexia nervosa
excessive dieting +/- purging;
intense fear of gaining weight, body image distortion
leading to body weight<85%, severe weight loss
associated with decrease bone density, metatarsal stress fracture
amenorrhea, anemia,
lanugo, baby hair
90
transsexualism
desire to live as the opposite sex
| surgery and hormone
91
transvestism
paraphilia
| wearing clothes of the opposite sex
92
bulimia nervosa
Binge eating+/- purging;
often followed by self-induced vomiting or use of laxatives, diuretics or emetics
body weight often maintained within normal range
associated with paroitis, enamel erosion, electrolyte diaturbance, alkalosis, dorsal hand calluses
