PSYC*3270 Week 2 Flashcards
(39 cards)
What is the cognitive-behavioural brain reserve (CBBR)?
The brain’s structure and function, shaped by experience, that serves as a protective measure against various neurological threats
Do enriched experiences lead to a higher or lower cognitive-behavioural brain reserve?
Higher
What does the term “fundamental capacities” refer to?
The ability to adapt to uncertain, changing, and open-ended environments
Do stressful and/or deprived experiences lead to a higher or lower cognitive-behavioural brain reserve?
Lower
T or F: A low CBBR leads to an increased risk of psychopathology and neurodegenerative conditions.
True
What are the five types of conditions present on the continuum of sensory-motor and cognitive-emotional stimulation?
- No stimulation
- Understimulation
- Adequate stimulation
- Enriched stimulation
- Overstimulation
Which condition on the continuum of sensory-motor and cognitive-emotional stimulation is required for appropriate development?
Adequate stimulation
Which condition on the continuum of sensory-motor and cognitive-emotional stimulation promotes above average development?
Enriched stimulation
Rene Spitz was the first to systematically show what?
That social interactions with other humans are essential for children’s development
Around what age did Rene Spitz begin to observe differences between the orphanage group and the prison nursery group?
Around 1 year of age
Was the motor and intellectual performance of babies reared in the orphanage better or worse than the babies reared in the prison nursery?
Much worse
T or F: In Rene Spitz’s study, at around 2-3 years old, did the babies from the orphanage showed development comparable to children raised in traditional family settings.
False. Of the 26 children reared in the orphanage, only 2 could walk and speak a few words. Those raised in the prison nursery showed normal development.
The idea that the brain is constantly changing with experience is known as what?
Brain plasticity
In the case of the Romanian orphans in the 1980s, at what age of adoption did children show the best recovery?
Adopted before the age of 6 months
In the case of the Romanian orphans in the 1980s, at what age of adoption did children show limited to no recovery?
Adopted after 18 months
What are three ways in which the adolescent brain is qualitatively different from child and adult brains?
- Rapid synaptic pruning and growth of connections
- Differences in volumes of grey and white matter
- Differences in levels of NTs
What are three ways in which adolescent behaviour can be qualitatively different from the behaviour of children and adults?
- More risk taking, less inhibition
- Vulnerability to drugs of abuse
- Vulnerability to onset of mental disorders
What is the primary focus of transformational education?
Developing active learning skills
What term defines a learners’ ability to mentally “save” newly acquired information and behaviours?
Memory
T or F: Memory is a process, not a location.
False. Memory can be both a process of saving knowledge, and a location where knowledge is held.
In memory processes, what does storage involve?
Involves putting something into memory
In memory processes, what does retrieval involve?
Involves finding something in memory
In memory, what is the difference between reconsolidation and extinction?
- Reconsolidation: memory strengthened
- Extinction: Memory weakened
Meaningful learning that is retained in long-term memory usually involves what three things?
- Organization
- Visual imagery
- Elaboration
