PSYC18 Lesson 1 Flashcards
(76 cards)
is the school of thought which is interested in how people mentally represent and process information.
Cognitive Psychology
Include topics such as ________, __________, ________, _______, __________, _______, and ___________.
memory
concept formation
attention
reasoningproblem solving
judgment
problem solving
language
Historically, psychology has always been (a few exceptions) cognitively oriented except for the brief period between the ______’s and _____’s.
This was a time when ________ was highly influential and interests in cognitive topics were low
1930 and 1950
behaviorism
The study of how people perceive, learn, remember, and think about information
Cognitive Psychology
Cognitive Psychology Is…
Reasoning
Problem Solving
Decision Making
Language
Memory
Attention
Perception
German-American Psychologist and Father of Cognitive Psychology
Ulrich Neisser
He characterized people as _________ ________-_________ __________ whose mental operations might be described in ____________
dynamic information processing systemscomputational terms.
refers to all processes by which the sensory input is transformed, reduced, elaborated, stored, recovered, and used.
cognition
cognition is concerned with these processes even when they operate in the absence of relevant ________, as in images and hallucinations..
stimulation
Cognitive psychology assumes that people are designed to ___________ rather than other design assumptions (grow, learn, be socialized, etc.).
It embraces the use of the _________
process information
scientific method
Cognitive psychology explicitly acknowledges the existence of internal mental states unlike ________________.
It also rejects__________ as a valid method of investigation.
behaviorist psychology
introspection
Cognitive explanations identify __________ giving rise to behavior.
computational processes
Cognitive psychology highlights the mind as a _________________.
computer analogy
Think of cognitive explanations of the behavior as identifying the _________ of a computer. Knowing the _______ of a computer would help you understand and predict the computer’s behavior
software
Cognitive psychology try to understand the computational processes involved in __________,_________,________,_______ and _____________
perceiving, storing, remembering, analyzing, and interpreting information.
What differences exist between humans and computers?
Physical nature: Humans are carbon-based whereas computers are Silicon-based.
Reproductive process. Only human beings reproduce.
Experience: Only humans actually feel pain, emotions etc. although computers can simulate it.
Consciousness: Only human are aware of themselves as an agent in the world (free-will)
What ways are humans and computers similar?
Most of the similarities address the processing of information.
Both Minds and computers…
* Input information
* Output information
* Access information
* Store information
* Retrieve information
* Analyze information
The __________ denies that people are computers, only that people and computers both process information.
Cognitive Approach
Philosophical Antecedents
Rationalist
Empiricist
Acquire knowledge through thinking and logical analysis
Rationalist
Acquire knowledge via empirical evidence
Empiricist
- dualism between a material body and immaterial mind or soul
- mechanistic explanations for the body’s functions
- highest functions of consciousness, will and reasoning, were nonmechanistic
Rationalism (Plato):
René Descartes (1596–1650)
integrating algebra and geometry: numerical relationships of algebraic equations are expressed visually through the use of a coordinate graphing system (cartesian coordinates)
Analytic Geometry
An antecedent lead by John Locke (1632–1704)— An English philosopher who theorized that the human mind was a tabula rasa at birth, and that all human knowledge comes through experience
Empiricism (Aristotle)
