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PSYC 365 > PSYC365CH30and1 > Flashcards

PSYC365CH30and1 Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

adenine

A

One of the four nucleotides the comprise DNA

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2
Q

alleles

A

Alternate forms of a gene that may exist at the same site on the chromosome

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3
Q

amino acids

A

building block of protein needed for normal growth

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4
Q

anticipation

A

and term used in genetics to denote an expansion in Triplet repeats from one generation to the next leading to a more severe manifestation of the disease

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5
Q

aorta

A

The major artery of the body

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6
Q

autosomal dominant

A

Mendelian inheritance pattern in which a single copy of a gene leads to expression of the trait

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7
Q

autosomal recessive

A

Mendelian inheritance pattern in which to carry her parents have a 25% chance of passing the trait to each child

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8
Q

autosomes

A

The first 22 pairs of chromosomes All chromosomes are all autosomes except for the two sex chromosomes

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9
Q

chromosomes

A

threadlike strands of DNA and associated proteins in the nucleus of a cell that carry the genes transmitting hereditary information

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10
Q

coarctation

A

A congenital narrowing such as of a blood vessel most commonly of the aorta

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11
Q

codons

A

triplets of nucleotides that form of the DNA code for specific amino acids

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12
Q

concusions

A

a clinical syndrome caused by a blow to the head characterized by transient loss of consciousness

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13
Q

congenital

A

originating prior to birth

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14
Q

contiguous gene syndromes

A

a genetic syndrome resulting from defects in a number of adjacent genes

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15
Q

contusions

A

Structural damage limited to the surface layer of the brain caused by a blow to the head

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16
Q

cytoplasm

A

The contents of the cell outside the Nucleus

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17
Q

cytosine

A

One of the four nucleotides that comprise DNA

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18
Q

developmental disabilities

A

a group of chronic conditions that are attributable to an impairment in physical cognitive speech or languagePsychological or self care areas and that are manifested during the developmental Younger tha 21 years of age

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19
Q

diffuse axonal injuries DAIs

A

diffuse injuries to nerve cells components usually resulting from sharing forces

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20
Q

DNA

A

the fundamental component of living tissues it contains an organisms genetic code

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21
Q

dominant

A

a trait that only requires one copy of a gene to be expressed phenotypically

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22
Q

double helix

A

the coiled structure of DNA

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23
Q

epicanthal folds

A

Crescent shaped fold of skin on either side of the nose commonly associated with down syndrome

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24
Q

epidural hematomas

A

localized collection of clotted blood line between the skull and the outer membrane of the brain resulting from the hemorrhage of a blood vessel resting in the dura

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25
estrogen
female sex hormone
26
FISH flourescent in situ hybridization
a technique to identify small chromosomal defects such as found in Prader Willi syndrome
27
frame shift
A type of gene mutation in which the insertion or deletion of a single nucleotide leads to the misreading of all subsequent codons
28
genes
a unit of genetic material that encodes a single protein
29
genome
the complete set of hereditary factors in an organism
30
genomic imprinting
a condition manifested differently depending on whether the trait is inherited from the mother or father
31
genotypes
the genetic composition of an individual
32
germ cells
the cells involved in reproduction
33
golgi appratus
that intracellular organelle that packages proteins in a form that can be released through the cell membrane and carry throughout the body
34
guanine
one of the four nucleotides that comprise DNA
35
heterozygous
carrying genes to similar for one trait
36
homozygous
carrying identical genes for any given trait
37
hybrid
offspring of parents of dissimilar species
38
Impact
in reference to traumatic head injury the forcible striking of the head against an object
39
inborn error of metabolism phenylketonuria
inherited enzyme deficiency leading to the disruption of normal body metabolism
40
Inertial
pertaining to inertia which is a tendency to keep moving in the same direction as the force that produced a movement
41
intellectual disability
significantly sub average general intellectual functioning accompanied by significant limitations in adaptive functioning
42
meiosis
reductive cell division occurring only in eggs and sperm in which the daughter cells receive half the number of chromosomes of the parent cells
43
mendelian traits
dominant and recessive traits inherited according to the genetic principles put forward by Gregor Mandel
44
messenger ribonucleic acid mRNA
RNA involved in the translation of genetic information
45
microdeletion
in microscopic deletion in chromosomes associated with a contiguous gene syndrome
46
microdeletion syndromes
genetic disorders caused by mutations in a small number of contiguous genes
47
missense mutation
gene error resulting from the replacement of a single nucleic acid for another resulting in a misreading of the DNA code
48
mitosis
cell division in which two daughter cells of identical chromosomal composition to the parent cells are formed
49
monosomy
chromosome disorder in which one chromosome is absent
50
mosaicism
The presence of two genetically distinct types of cells in one individual
51
nondisjunction
failure of a pair of chromosomes to separate during mitosis or meiosis since resulting in an unequal number of chromosomes in the daughter cells
52
nonsense mutation
gene defect in which a single base pair substitution results in the premature termination of a message and the resultant production of an incomplete and inactive protein
53
nucleotide bases
The nucleic Acids that form DNA adenine guanine cytosine and thymine
54
phenotype
the physical appearance of a genetic trait
55
phenylalanine
and amino acid the evaluation of which causes phenylketonuria PKU
56
recessive
pertaining to trait that expressed only if the child inherits two copies of the gene
57
ribosome
intracellular structure concerned with protein synthesis
58
sex chromosomes
The X and Y chromosomes that determine gender
59
single nucleotide polymorphisms SNPs
DNA sequence variations
60
spermatocytes
Sperm
61
thymine
one of the four nucleotides that comprise DNA
62
transcription
the process in which mRNA is formed from a DNA template
63
translation
the process in which an amino acid sequence is assembled according to the pattern specified by mRNA
64
translocaiton
The transfer of a fragment of one chromosome to another chromosome
65
triplet repeat expansion
abnormal number of copies of identical triplet nucleotide
66
trisomy
A condition in which there are three copies of one chromosome rather than two

PSYC 365 (2 decks)

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