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Sociology > Psych 121 > Flashcards

Psych 121 Flashcards

1
Q

medical model

A

abnormal psychological experiences are conceptualized as illnesses that, like physical illnesses, have biological and environmental causes, defined symptoms, and possible cures.

  • a disorder refers to a common set of signs and symptoms
  • a disease is a known pathological process affecting the body
  • a diagnosis is a determination as to whether a disorder or disease is present
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2
Q

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM5)

A

a classification system that describes the features used to diagnose each recognized mental disorder and indicates how the disorder can be distinguished from other, similar problems.

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3
Q

comorbidity

A

co-occurance of two or more disorders in a single individual

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4
Q

biopsychosocial perspective

A

explains mental disorders as the result of interactions among biological psychological, and social factors

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5
Q

diathesis-stress model

A

a person may be pre disposed for a psychological disorder that remains unexpressed until triggered by stress

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6
Q

Research Domain Criteria Project (RDoC)

A

new initiative that aims to guide the classification and understanding of mental disorders by revealing the basic processes ht give rise to them.

  • classify by causes of disorders rather then symptoms
  • be inline with how they study medical disorders
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7
Q

Research Domain Criteria Project (RDoC)

A

new initiative that aims to guide the classification and understanding of mental disorders by revealing the basic processes ht give rise to them.

  • classify by causes of disorders rather then symptoms
  • be inline with how they study medical disorders
  • dysfunctions in normal psychological processes
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8
Q

psychological disorders

A

60 percent do not seek treatment because of stigma

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9
Q

anxiety disorder

A

mental disorder in which anxiety is the predominant feature. excessive uncontrolled worry.
-significant comorbidity
-physical symptoms: muscle tension, heart palpitations, stomach pain, need to urine
-emotional symtoms: fearfulness, watchfulness, irritability
cognitive symptoms: unrealistic worry, hypervigilance

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10
Q

anxiety disorder

A

mental disorder in which anxiety is the predominant feature. excessive uncontrolled worry.
-significant comorbidity
-physical symptoms: muscle tension, heart palpitations, stomach pain, need to urine
-emotional symtoms: fearfulness, watchfulness, irritability
cognitive symptoms: unrealistic worry, hypervigilance
past worrying: difficulty concentrating, strong startle response, difficulty falling asleep

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11
Q

Phobic disorder

A

disorders characterized by marked, persistent and excessive fear and avoidance of specific objects , activities or situations

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12
Q

specific phobia

A

irrational fear of a particular object or situation or place

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13
Q

social phobia

A

a disorder that involves irrational fear of being publicly humiliated

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14
Q

preparedness theory

A

people are instinctively predisposed towards certain fears

-conditionned to have a fear response by stimulus

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15
Q

social anxiety disorder

A

fear of being judged by others or embarrassing oneself in front of others(negative evaluation)

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16
Q

Panic disorders

A

reoccurant attacks of overwhelming anxiety that usually occur suddenly and unexpectedly

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17
Q

agoraphobia

A

a specific phobia involving a fear of public places

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18
Q

generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

A

chronic excessive worry accompanied by three or more symptoms: restlessness, fatigue, concentration problems, irritability, muscle tension, sleep disturbance

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19
Q

obsessive compulsive disorders (OCD)

A

a disorder in which repetitive, intrusive thoughts and ritualistic behaviours designed to fend off those thoughts interfere significantly with an individuals functioning

20
Q

obsessive compulsive disorders (OCD)

A

a disorder in which repetitive, intrusive thoughts and ritualistic behaviours designed to fend off those thoughts interfere significantly with an individuals functioning
-other related disorder: excoriation, hoarding, trichotillomania, body dysmorphic disorder

21
Q

Postraumatic stress disorder

A

chronic physiological arousal, recurrent unwanted thoughts or images of the trauma, and avoidance of things that call the traumatic event to mind

22
Q

Postraumatic stress disorder

A

chronic physiological arousal, recurrent unwanted thoughts or images of the trauma, and avoidance of things that call the traumatic event to mind

  • 3 months within experiencing trauma
  • severe and distressful interfering with daily activity
23
Q

Mood disorders

A

mental disorders that have mood disturbances

  • biological influences: genetic predisposition, changes in brain chemistry, brain damage due to stress
  • socio-cultural influences: traumatic/negative events, cultural expectations, depression evoked responses
  • psychological influences: negative explanatory style, learned helplessness, gender differences
24
Q

major depressive disorder

A

-lasts two weeks, feeling of lethargy, worthlessness, sleep and eating disturbances
-hard to diagnose kids cause they only have physical symptoms
-emotional symptoms: sad, nothing you can do about it, not worthy, less social
cognitive symptoms: hard to concentrate, gain weight, distracted, themselves, other and world are all negative, suicidal thoughts
-behavioural symptoms: less eye contact, slow movements, episodes of crying with no reason

25
Q

dysthymia

A

depression that is less severe but lasts at leasts 2 years

26
Q

seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

A

depressent episodes in seasonal patterns

27
Q

double depression

A

moderately depressed mood for at least 2 years that is punctuated by periods of major depressive disorders

28
Q

helplessness theory

A

part of cognitive model of depression, which maintains that individuals who are prone to depression automatically attribute negative experiences to causes that are internal. (internal, stable, global)

29
Q

depression (negative schema)

A
  • interpretations of information ( see neutral info as negative)
  • attention (trouble disengaging from negative info
  • memory (recall the negative more then the positive)
30
Q

bipolar disorder

A

-cycles of abnormal, persistent high mood (mania) and low mood (depression)

31
Q

manic state

A
  • euphoria, excitement, physical energy, wild optimism, rapids thoughts and speech
  • see more glucose and oxygen, brain scan will light up with activity
  • make poor drastic outcomes
  • similar symptoms to psychosis
  • invincible
  • spend too much money
  • risky decisions
  • atypical sexual behaviour
32
Q

Difference between bipolar 1 and 2

A

1) person with bipolar 1 has mania and can experience psychosis
2) bipolar two has hypomania and does not experience psychosis during hypomania state

33
Q

expressed emotion

A

-a measure of how hostility, criticism, and emotional over involvement are used when speaking about a family member with a mental disorder. These people are more likely to relapse

34
Q

manic state

A
  • euphoria, excitement, physical energy, wild optimism, rapids thoughts and speech
  • see more glucose and oxygen, brain scan will light up with activity
  • make poor drastic outcomes
  • similar symptoms to psychosis
  • invincible
  • spend too much money
  • risky decisions
  • atypical sexual behaviour
  • lasts at least 1 week
35
Q

Schizophrenia

A
  • psychotic disorder: disruption of basic psychological processes; a distorted perception of reality; altered or blunted emotion; and disturbances in thought, motivation and behaviour.
  • 2 or more symptoms over at least 1 month with signs persisting for 6 months
36
Q

Schizophrenia

A
  • psychotic disorder: disruption of basic psychological processes; a distorted perception of reality; altered or blunted emotion; and disturbances in thought, motivation and behaviour.
  • 2 or more symptoms over at least 1 month with signs persisting for 6 months
  • problem with reality
37
Q

positive symptoms of schizophrenia

A
  • thoughts and behaviours not see without disorder(excessive of typical, hallucinations):
  • hallucinations(perceptual experience): hearing, seeing, and smelling something that is not there.
  • Delusions: false beliefs, bizarre and grandiose that are irrational: may believe your jesus or think CIA is ager you
  • Disorganized speech: disruption in communication, rapidly shifting from unrelated topics
  • Disorganized behaviour: inappropriate behaviour for situations, staying in the same position for hours like your a mahican
38
Q

catatonic behaviour

A

-decrease in all movement or an increase in muscular rigidity and overactivity

39
Q

negative symptoms of schizophrenia

A
  • disruptions to normal emotions and behaviours
  • emotional and social withdrawal
  • affect flattening: severe reduction in emotional response to the environment
  • no facial expressions, no laughing or crying
  • emotions expressed inappropriately(laugh at funeral)
40
Q

Schizophrenia

A
  • psychotic disorder: disruption of basic psychological processes; a distorted perception of reality; altered or blunted emotion; and disturbances in thought, motivation and behaviour.
  • 2 or more symptoms over at least 1 month with signs persisting for 6 months
  • problem with reality
  • make up 40 % admittance in psychiatric hospitals (second most common disorder)
41
Q

schizophrenia subtypes

A

-no longer recognized in DSM5 because of diagnostic reliability and poor validity

42
Q

good and bad news about schizophrenia

A
  • good: treatment can be effective at managing and treating symptoms
  • duration of episodes tends to decline with age
  • bad: more chronic and debilitating than any other mental health disorder, shortened lifespan of 10 years, increased likelihood of suicide completion
43
Q

Schizophrenia

A
  • psychotic disorder: disruption of basic psychological processes; a distorted perception of reality; altered or blunted emotion; and disturbances in thought, motivation and behaviour.
  • 2 or more symptoms over at least 1 month with signs persisting for 6 months
  • problem with reality
  • make up 40 % admittance in psychiatric hospitals (second most common disorder)
  • heritability index is high
44
Q

positive symptoms of schizophrenia

A
  • thoughts and behaviours not see without disorder(excessive of typical, hallucinations):
  • hallucinations(perceptual experience): hearing, seeing, and smelling something that is not there.
  • Delusions: false beliefs, bizarre and grandiose that are irrational: may believe your jesus or think CIA is ager you
  • Disorganized speech: disruption in communication, rapidly shifting from unrelated topics
  • Disorganized behaviour: inappropriate behaviour for situations, staying in the same position for hours like your a mahican
45
Q

Psychotic disorder etiology

A
  • high heritability
  • mothers blood toxicity
  • dopamine hypothesis: the idea that schizophrenia involves an excess level of dopamine activity
  • neuroanatomy: enlargement of the ventricles, hollow areas filled with cerebrospinal fluid
46
Q

Psychotic disorder etiology

A
  • high heritability
  • mothers blood toxicity
  • dopamine hypothesis: the idea that schizophrenia involves an excess level of dopamine activity
  • neuroanatomy: enlargement of the ventricles, hollow areas filled with cerebrospinal fluid, ventricles are abnormally large suggesting loss of brain tissue that could arise from abnormal prenatal development

Sociology (2 decks)

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