psych ch 14

Question 1

a set point

Answer 1

a hypothesized mechanism that serves to maintain body weight around physiologically programmed level

Question 1

body mass index (BMI)

Answer 1

a statistic commonly used for estimating a healthy body weight given ones height

Question 2

social resilience

Answer 2

the ability to keep positive relationships and to endure and recover from social isolation and life stressors

Question 3

social contagion

Answer 3

the often subtle, unintentional spreading of a behaviour as as result of social interactions

Question 4

appraisal

Answer 4

the cognitive act of assessing and evaluating the potential threat and demands of an event

Question 5

stress

Answer 5

psychological and physiological reaction that occurs when perceived demands exceed existing resources to meet those demands

Question 6

individual zone of optimal functioning (IZOF)

Answer 6

a range of emotional where individual is most likely to perform at their best

Question 7

fight-or-flight response

Answer 7

a set physiological changes that occur in response to psychological or physical threats

Question 8

general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

Answer 8

a theory of stress responses involving stages of alarm, resistance, and exhaustion

Question 9

hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis

Answer 9

a neural and endocrine curcuit that provides communication between the nervous system (hypothalamus) and the endocrine system (pituitary and adrenal glands)

Question 10

cortisol

Answer 10

a hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that prepares the body to respond to stressful circumstances

Question 11

oxytocin

Answer 11

a hormone involved in reproduction, childbirth, and social bonding

Question 12

psychoneuroimmunology

Answer 12

the study of this relationship between immune system and nervous system

Question 13

coronary heart disease

Answer 13

a condition in which plaques form in the blood vessels that supply the heart with blood and oxygen, resulting in restricted blood flow

Question 14

Type A personality

Answer 14

people who are impatient and worry about time, easily angered, competitive, motivated

Question 15

Type B personality

Answer 15

people who are more laid-back and characterized by a patient, easygoing, and relaxed

Question 16

coping

Answer 16

the processes used to manage demands, stress, and conflict

• problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping

Question 17

positive psychology

Answer 17

uses scientific methods to study human strengths and potential

Question 18

optimism

Answer 18

the tendency to have favourable, constructive view on situations and to expect positive outcomes

Question 19

pessimism

Answer 19

the tendency to have negative perception of life and expect negative outcomes

Question 20

pessimistic explanatory style

Answer 20

the tendency to interpret and explain negative events as internally based and as a constant, stable quality

Question 21

negative affectivity

Answer 21

the tendency to respond to problems with a pattern of anxiety, anger, guilt, nervousness

Question 22

resilience

Answer 22

the ability to effectively recover from illness or adversity

Question 23

post-traumatic growth

Answer 23

the capacity to grow and experience long-term positive effects in response to negative events

Question 24

meditation

Answer 24

any procedure that involves a shift in consciousness to a state where one is highly focused, and in control

Question 25

mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR)

Answer 25

a structured relaxtaion program based on elements of mindfulness meditation

Question 26

brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)

Answer 26

a protein in the nervous system that promotes survival, growth, and the formation of new synapses

Question 27

learned helplessness

Answer 27

an acquired suppression of avoidance or escape behaviour in response to unpleasant, uncontrollable circumstances

Question 28

compensatory control

Answer 28

psycholoigcal strategies people use to preserve a sense of no-random order when personal control is compromised