Psych ch.12 Flashcards
instinct
a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned.
:drive-reduction theory
the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need.
::homeostasis
a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level.
incentive
a positive or negative envi- ronmental stimulus that motivates behavior.
hierarchy of needs
Maslow’s pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active.
:set point
the point at which an indi- vidual’s “weight thermostat” is suppos- edly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a low- ered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight.
anorexia nervosa
an eating disorder in which a person (usually an adolescent female) diets and becomes significantly (15 percent or more) underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve.
bulimia nervosa
an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise.
::binge-eating disorder
significant binge-eating episodes, followed by dis- tress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging, fasting, or excessive exercise that marks bulimia nervosa.
::sexual response cycle
the four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson—excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.
:refractory period
a resting period after orgasm, during which a man can- not achieve another orgasm
::sexual disorder
a problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning.
flow
a completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement of one’s skills.
::industrial-organizational (I/O) psy- chology
the application of psychologi- cal concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces.
::personnel psychology
a subfield of I/O psychology that focuses on employ- ee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal, and development.
::organizational psychology
a sub- field of I/O psychology that examines organizational influences on worker sat- isfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change.
structured interviews
interview process that asks the same job-relevant questions of all applicants, each of whom is rated on established scales.
achievement motivation
a desire for significant accomplishment; for mastery of things, people, or ideas; for rapidly attaining a high standard.
:task leadership
goal-oriented leader- ship that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses attention on goals.
social leadership
group-oriented leadership that builds teamwork, medi- ates conflict, and offers support.
::motivation
a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
glucose
the form of sugar that circu- lates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger.
achievement motivation
a desire for significant accomplishment; for mastery of things, people, or ideas; for rapidly attaining a high standard.
Ethologist
Lorenz animal behavior, baby ducks imprint
