PSYCH Chapter 4 Approaches to understand learning

Question 2

Classical conditioning

Answer 2

Learning by association, the process whereby an organism produces a flex response or an emotional response to a neural stimulus in a way that, prior to learning would not occur

Question 3

Behaviourist approach

Answer 3

Theories that propose learning occurs by interacting with the external environment, can be directly observed and recorded

Question 4

Unconditioned stimulus

Answer 4

Stimulus that naturally and consistently produces an automatic reflexive response

Question 5

Unconditioned response

Answer 5

Natural reflexive response when the UCS is presented

Question 6

Neutral stimulus

Answer 6

Anything that does not normally produce a predictable response

Question 7

Association

Answer 7

NS and UCS is presented sequentially

Question 8

Conditioned stimulus

Answer 8

NS becomes the CS to produce the CR

Question 9

Conditioned response

Answer 9

Learned reflexive response that is the same as the UCR

Question 10

Operant conditioning

Answer 10

Behaviour with deliberate consequences is likely to be repeated

Question 11

Reinforcement

Answer 11

Strengthening of the behaviour, increasing the likelihood of the behaviour occurring again

Question 12

Punishment

Answer 12

Weakening of the behaviour, decreasing the likelihood of the behaviour occurring again

Question 13

Positive reinforcement

Answer 13

Adding a pleasant consequence in order to increase the likelihood of the behaviour occurring again

Question 14

Negative reinforcement

Answer 14

removing something unpleasant – subtracting something in order to increase a response

Question 15

Punishment

Answer 15

Any event that will weaken a response and decrease the likelihood of that response occurring again

Question 16

Positive punishment

Answer 16

Adding an unpleasant consequence

Question 17

Negative punishment

Answer 17

Removing something pleasant