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GEO UNIT 3 > Psych Key science skills > Flashcards

Psych Key science skills Flashcards

1
Q

What is an extraneous variable?

A

Any variable that is not the IV which may have an affect on the dv

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2
Q

What is a confounding variable

A

confounding variable is a variable in the research which is not the main variable of interest but can affect the result of the story

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3
Q

What is a controlled variable

A

A variable in research (IV) that the researcher controls to ensure it does not intervene with the DV.

Improve validity of study

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4
Q

Type of Extraneous variables

A

Participant variables

Situational variables

Demand characteristics

Experimenter effect

Placebo effect

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4
Q

Participant variable

A

personal characters of individuals can affect the dv

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5
Q

Situational variable

A

external factors which may cause participants results and responses

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5
Q

Demand characteristics

A

cues in an experiments which may influence the participatns response

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5
Q

placebo effect

A

change in the participants behavior due to the belief they are receiving experimental treatment

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5
Q

Experimenter effect

A

influence the experimenter may have on the experiment

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6
Q

Sample size and procedures

A

larger sample size allows for more representative sample, minimizes effects of ev

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7
Q

Experimental design choice

A

random assignment - equal distribution of ev
compare effects of IV on DV

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8
Q

Counterbalancing

A

systematically changing orders of treatment/task in a balanced way to reduce/avoid the unwanted effect on performance

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9
Q

Placebo

A

A fake treatment similar to IV was used in the experimental group but is neutral and have no known effect

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10
Q

Single-blind procedures

A

Keep participants unaware of the experimental conditions they are in

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11
Q

double-blind procedures

A

keep both experimenter and participants unaware of the experimental conditions they are in

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12
Q

Standardised procedures

A

Consistency - experience the same experimental conditions

Replicability - confirm validity of research findings

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13
Q

Controlled variables

A

Isolator effect - isolate effect of IV on DV
Replicability - confirm validity of research findings

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14
Q

Hypothesis writing structure

A

It is intended that <participants> who <IV> will have a <higher/lower> <DV> compared to those that <IV></IV></DV></IV></participants>

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15
Q

Population

A

Entire groups of research interest from which a sample is drawn and the researcher will seek to generalise the results

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16
Q

Sample

A

Subset/part of the population that is selected for research purposes

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17
Q

Controlled experiment

A

One/or more IV is manipulated while controlling EV to observe the DV

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18
Q

Correlational study

A

Identify and measure the association between 2 or more variables without manipulation

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19
Q

Case study

A

Focuses on detailed investigation group utilises multiple sources of data

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20
Q

Classification and identification

A

categorizing and recognizing the attributes, properties

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21
Q

Product, process/system developments

A

A systematic approach to improve process system

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22
Q

Simulation

A

Uses computerized models/representation to mirror real-world systems

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23
Q

Fieldwork

A

Collecting data, experiments, and observations directly linked to the experiment

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24
Q

Modelling

A

Mathematical framework to analyze and understand the behavior of complex systems

25
Q

Literature review

A

Reviewing summarizing and analyzing existing literature

26
Q

Controlled experiment

A

an experimental investigation of the relationship between one or more IVS and DVS controlling all variables

researcher can investigate cause and effect of the relationship

27
Q

Experimental group/condition

A

Participants exposed to IV

28
Q

Control group/condition

A

participants not exposed to the IV

29
Q

Between (experimental design)

A

Individuals are randomly allocated into different groups and complete only 1 condition

ADV: Usually simpler

DIS: Does not eliminate participant variable

30
Q

Within (experimental design)

A

Each participant is in both the experimental and control conditions

ADV: Eliminate participant variable

DIS: other experiment might affect it

31
Q

Mixed (experimental design)

A

An experimental design that combines elements of between-subjects designs and within-subjects

ADV: Have the advantage of being within and between

DIS: costly, time-consuming

32
Q

Ethical concepts

A

Ethical concepts are the moral guiding principles that should be followed and considered when doing psychological research, practice or examining psychological issue

33
Q

Ethical guidelines

A

Ethical guidelines refer to the rights participants are entitled to during research and researcher must provide that

34
Q

Ethical evaluation

A

Ethical concepts and guidelines are evaluatied by the ethics committee before research is undertaken

35
Q

Beneficence

A

commitment to maxmising the benefit and minimizing the negatives (risks and harms) in an experiments

36
Q

Integrity

A

searching for knowledge and understanding, honest report of all knowledge and results

37
Q

Justice

A

fair consideration of competing claims and no unfair burden on a particular group

38
Q

Non maleficence

A

principle of avoiding causing harm, harm resulting from any position in course of experiment should not be disproportionate to the benefits

39
Q

Respect

A

consideration that living things have intrinsic values

40
Q

Confidentiality

A

Privacy, protection and security of paticipants personal information

41
Q

Informed consent procedures

A

processes that ensures participants understand the true nature and purpose of the experiment

42
Q

Use of deception

A

Deception refers to intentionally misleading participants about the true nature of experiment as knowledge of it may influence participants response/results

43
Q

Debriefing

A

end of the procedure, participant leaves understanding the experiment aim, results and conclusion

44
Q

voluntary participation

A

no coercion or pressure put on the participant to partake in the experiment

45
Q

Withdrawl rights

A

right for participants to discontinue the experiment at any given time without penalty

46
Q

Sociocultural factor (ethical evaluation)

A
47
Q

Economic factors (ethical evaluation)

A
48
Q

Legal factors (ethical evaluation)

A
49
Q

Political factors (ethical evaluation)

A
50
Q

Primary data

A

collected through firsthand research for an intended purpose

51
Q

Secondary data

A

Obtained through second hand throguh research conducted by another person for another purpose

52
Q

Qualitative data

A

Descriptive character and qualities

53
Q

Quantitative data

A

includes measurable values and quantities can be compared on numerical scale

54
Q

Objective data

A

information which is observable measurable, verfiable and free from personal bias of researcher

55
Q

Subjective data

A

Information based on personal opinion, interpretation, pov, judgement

56
Q

Standard deviation

A

Summarises how far scores within a set of scores spread out or deviate from the mean of those scores

57
Q

True value

A

The value or range of values, that would be found if the quantity could be measure perfectly

58
Q

Accuracy

A

How close a measurement is to the true value of the quantity being measured

59
Q

Precision

A

How closely a set of measurements agree with each other

60
Q

Systematic error

A

Error in data that differ from the true value by a consistent amount

61
Q

Random error

A

Errors in data that are unsystematic and occur due to chance

62
Q

Repeatability

A

To the extent which successive measurements produce the same results when carried out under identical conditions within a short period

63
Q

Reproducibility

A

The extent to which successive measurements or studies produce the same results when repeated under different conditions

64
Q

Internal validity

A

Whether a study investigates what is set out/claims to investigate

65
Q

External validity

A

Whether results of research can be applied to similar individuals in a different setting

GEO UNIT 3 (8 decks)

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