Psych Exam 1

Question 1

Attributes of experimental design

Answer 1

1- There is random assignment of groups
3- Specifies relationships among variables
4- Allows for a lot of control
5- Generates quantitative data

Question 2

Attributes of correlational research

Answer 2

1- You cannot determine causation because there is no isolation of the variables
2- Can be conducted via survey, naturalistic observation, clinical observation and secondary analysis

Question 3

Pros and Cons of Experiment

Answer 3

1- Can be highly artificial
2- Easy to replicate
3- Allows for lots of control

Question 4

Pros and Cons of Survey

Answer 4

1- Can be cheap and low effort
2- You may not get very many responses
3- You can get an idea of peoples internal processesP

Question 5

Pros and Cons of Observation

Answer 5

1- You cannot determine causation because you can’t isolate the variables
2- Your results won’t be artificial
3- Can be cheap, but time consuming
4- Hard to replicate

Question 6

Pros and Cons of Clinical Observation

Answer 6

1- Is used to evaluate people who are getting help from psych
2- Might be used for new methods
3- Less natural than observation

Question 7

Pros and Cons of Secondary Analysis

Answer 7

1- Can be used for historical data
2- Are only able to use the data that other collected
3- Low cost

Question 8

Population

Answer 8

The group of people which the results of an experiment apply to

Question 9

Random sample

Answer 9

A subset of the population where each individual has an equal chance of being chosen

Question 10

Random assignmet

Answer 10

Where each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to any group

Question 11

Sample

Answer 11

A subset of a larger population

Question 12

Mean

Answer 12

Average. Add them all up and divide by how many there are

Question 13

Median

Answer 13

When the numbers are lined up from least to greatest, the middle number

Question 14

Mode

Answer 14

The number that appears the most often in a sting of numbers

Question 15

Range

Answer 15

Subtracting the lowest score from the highest score

Question 16

Nerve

Answer 16

A bundle of neurons that carry messages outside the brain or spinal cord

Question 17

Neuron

Answer 17

An individual nerve cell. The wires of the nervous system

Question 18

Axon

Answer 18

The neuron ending that transmits the message to other neurons. It ‘acts on’

Question 19

Myelin sheath

Answer 19

The fatty coating around the axon that helps speed up the neural connection

Question 20

Neurotransmitter

Answer 20

Chemical substances produced by axons that transmit messages across the synapse

Question 21

Dendrite

Answer 21

What receives the message from other neurons

Question 22

Cell body

Answer 22

The central part of the neuron

Question 23

Central Nervous system

Answer 23

The brain and spinal cord

Question 24

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 24

The nerves that branch out form the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body

Question 25

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 25

Fight or flight

Question 26

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 26

Rest and digest

Question 27

Somatic nervous system

Answer 27

Sense organs

Question 28

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 28

Involuntary actions of internal organs actions

Question 29

What connects the brain

Answer 29

Corpus collosum

Question 30

Cerebral cortex

Answer 30

Largest structure in the brain and is involved in the somatic nervous system

Question 30

Frontal lobe

Answer 30

Used for planning, organization, and speaking. Contains Brocas' area

Question 31

Parietal lobe

Answer 31

Used for your sense of touch, and other senses

Question 32

Temporal lobe

Answer 32

Used for understanding language. Contains Wernickes' area

Question 33

Occipital lobe

Answer 33

Used for processing what the eyes see

Question 34

Broca's area

Answer 34

In the frontal lobe. Needed for language production

Question 35

Wernickie's ares

Answer 35

In the temporal lobe, used for speech comprehension

Question 36

Sensation

Answer 36

Transmitting messages from the outside world to the brain

Question 37

Perception

Answer 37

Interpreting the information from the outside world

Question 38

Difference Threshold

Answer 38

The smallest difference of a stimulus that can be detected half of the time

Question 39

Absolute Threshold

Answer 39

The smallest amount of a stimulus that is needed for someone to detect a stimulus half of the time

Question 40

Webers Law

Answer 40

The amount of change needed to detect a difference is in direct proportion to the intensity of the original stimulus

Question 41

Sensory adaption

Answer 41

Weakened magnitude of a sensation - When you first enter a room you were cold, but now you have 'gotten used to' the temperature

Question 42

Binocular depth cues

Answer 42

1- Convergence 2- Retinal disparity

Question 43

Monocular depth cues

Answer 43

1- Texture gradient 2- Linear perspective 3- Superposition 4- Shadowing 5- Speed of movement 6- Aerial perspective 7- Accmodation

Question 44

Perceptual constancy

Answer 44

The tendency to perceive a familiar item as having a standard shape, size, and brightness no matter how the stimuli changes

Question 45

Different types of constancy

Answer 45

1- Brightness 2- Color 3- Size 4- Shape

Question 46

Closure

Answer 46

When our brains fill in the missing piece of information. We like complete objects

Question 47

Figure-ground

Answer 47

The face-vase.

Question 48

Proximity

Answer 48

If they are close together, they are grouped together

Question 49

Linear Perspective

Answer 49

A monocular depth cue