Psych Exam 2

Question 1

According to the hustle scale, what causes most stress in college students?

Answer 1

troubling thoughts about the future?

Question 2

What is the social readjustment scale ans what does it reveal?

Answer 2

It is a way of measuring stress by ranking life events from most to least stressful and assigns a point value to each of them. it reveals how stressed an individual is throught their life and what causes them the most stress.

Question 3

What is the criteria for PTSD?

Answer 3

sx: flashbacks, nightmares, intrusive memories that feel like reliving trauma, trauma effects them long after event ends, moral injury.
what is it: a prolonged and seere stress reaction to a catastrophic event or to severe, chronic stress

Question 4

What is it about workplace stress that is damaging to women’s health and wellbeing?

Answer 4

Women experience more sexual harrasment and discrimination than men at work and feel burdened to juggle family roles burden their health ad stress.

Question 5

According to Lazarus, what is the process of determining how difficult a stressor is?

Answer 5

the hastle scale or cognative appraisal

Question 6

What is the term that deals with the thoughts and actions of a perceived life demand?

Answer 6

Coping

Question 7

what is the relationship between sensation and perception

Answer 7

Sensation picks up the stimuli and perception organizes and interprets the sensory information.

Question 8

What is the sense that refers to the position and movement of body parts?

Answer 8

Kinesthesia or Proprioception

Question 9

What is a gustatory delight?

Answer 9

related to or associates to the sense of taste/eating

Question 10

Why do women have more pain tolerance than men?

Answer 10

women have higher estrogen levels than men. Estrogen determines how sensitive a woman’s neurons are

Question 11

What is the effect of having a cell phone on while driving according to research

Answer 11

Intentional blindess and decreased attention

((the phenomenon in which we shift our focus from one object to another and, in the process, fail to notice changes in objects to which we are not directly paying attention)

Question 12

What is an illusion?

Answer 12

false perception or misperception of an actual stimulus in the enviorment

Question 13

What is the mental process that refers to acquiring knowledge, storing, and receiving information ?

Answer 13

Cognition

Question 14

What does conformation bias assume?

Answer 14

“if it worked last time” it will work again. assumes rebooting a solution works

it is selective attention to information that confirms preexisting beliefs about the best way to solve a problem)

Question 15

According to stern burg, what time of intelligence to determine success in academia?

Answer 15

contextual intelligence or practical intelligence

Question 16

Why do girls do better in school?

Answer 16

girls effortful approach to schoolwork and finding effective learning strategies

Question 17

What are the two components in emotional intelegence (EQ) and

Answer 17

the ability to apply knowledge aboput emotions to everyday life and interpersonal aspects aka empathy-sensitivity

Question 18

What are the leaning traits of creative individuals

Answer 18

personal aspects and interpersonal aspects

Question 19

How does classical conditioning work?

Answer 19

an organism associates one stimulus to another

Question 20

What is the concept of generalization?

Answer 20

to associate a conditioned response with a unconditioned stimulus that brings out the same response as the og stimulus.

ex: I had a bad banana so now i hate all banana flavored things.

Question 21

How does classical conditioning effect our eating habits?

Answer 21

taste adversion and association with discomfort

Question 22

What is the process of REWARDING successful accommodations to get a desired result?

Answer 22

Shaping

Question 23

According to segalmin, why would anyone stay in an abusive relationship?

Answer 23

they believe that they deserve it through learned helplessness

Question 24

In information processing theory, what is referred to as hardware and what is software?

Answer 24

Hardware are the brain’s strutures that are involved in memory and software are learned memory strategies

Question 24

How does behavior modification work in the modern world?

Answer 24

used to change self-harming behaviors

Question 25

What is the process of transferring information in a form that can be stored into memory?

Answer 25

encoding

Question 26

When does consolidation occur in the memory process?

Answer 26

when physical change happens in the brain after encoding and storage

Question 27

What is the main problem in cramming for exams?

Answer 27

it overloads short term memory and exceeds its capasity

Question 27

What is the actor of repairing information to retain in short term memory?

Answer 27

Rehearsal

Question 28

What is suppression and how does it work?

Answer 28

burryign traumatioc memeories int he unconsiious is repression

SUPression is pushing away unwanted thoughts or emotions out of awareness

Question 29

list and describe Kunkle’s 4 egocentric roles that limit our development *(the star,ect)
Note the fear that each archetype must overcome to be a healthy person

Answer 29

Knuckle’s four egocentric roles are the star (high talent & soft environment), the clinging vine (codepedant and sensitive), the tyrant (high vitality and harsh environment), and the turtle (low vitality and harshly demanding environment); these roles prevent one’s emotional growth. In order for the clinging vine, someone thta was helecopter parent and has a victim complex, to grow, they must overcome their fear of abandonment and finding a sense of identity. The tyrant, a bully that hurts others to compensate for their insecurities and has trust issues, needs to experience not having a sense of control, loosing the spotlight, vulnerability, and lack of influence on others to grow. The star, someone with a premedona complex and sources their self worth from achievement, must experience being average and accepting inadequacy. The turtle, an escaper of life’s difficulty and has minimal ambitions, must experience nuance, discomfort, and risk to get over their fear of failure.

Question 30

What are the purposes of personal boundaries? List and define two types of boundaries?

then define walls, how they limit our life and give two examples of walls.

Answer 30

Personal boundaries are meant to be permeable, and they help provide choices and set limits of personal control and external control/effect of others on oneself. There are internal boundaries dealing with thoughts, feelings, beliefs, and morals and external boundaries dealing with the body, skin, and sexuality. People that fail to dev boundries substitute with walls, a defence mechanism that is nonpermiable inside and outside, (e.g., fear and religion). Walls keep good people out, hinder personal devopment, creativity, individuality, and one’s senses of self.

Question 31

Steinburg has 3 types of intelligence. Briefly describe and provide an example for each one

Answer 31

Creative, practical, and analytical intelligence are sternberg’s 3 forms of intelligence. Creative intelligence requires divergent thinking, measures skills not in IQ, and is Domain specific (ex. an artist that is highly insightful in their craft and is able to illustrate synesthesia well). Analytical intelligence is based on convergent thinking and is the ability to evaluate, judge, compare or comtrast understanding a problem to find a solution; it is most related to IQ tests (e.x. someone who does well in school). Practical intelligence is the ability to use life experience to solve problems in daily life (aka. street smarts); it is a balance between divergent and convergent thinking.

Question 32

Define Classical conditioning with an example, and then define operant conditioning and then the 4 types of Operant Conditioning with an example of each.

Answer 32

A. Classical conditioning is a form of behavioral training that pairs a naturally occurring stimulus with a responce and then paired with a neutral stimulus and then a conditioned stimulus to get a desired responce. A major influence on CC is Pavlov training a dog to associate the sound of a bell with receiving food.

B. Operant conditioning is a learning process for shaping behavior that involves an increase or decrease in the chance of a behavior as a result of its consequences. The four types of operant conditioning are Positive reinforcement (inc likelyhood of behavior by giving something nice post behavior, ex gold star sticker), negative reinforcement (inc likelyhood of behavor by removing something unpleasant post behavior, stoping at a red light to advoid being runned over), positive punishment ( dec behavior by having something unpleasant ex: timeout), and negative punishment (dec behavior by removing something pleasant ex: no more tv time).

Question 33

As memory associations, define the two aspects of a complex. Then, note three characteristics of how they affect out personality and two examples of complexes and how they might form with the underlying resolution?

Answer 33

Complexes happen when one is out of balance, has an unconscious and unresolved issue/belief that repeats in endless cycles until its resolved. Complexes put people under a state of duress with compulsive thinking, cause insecurity, feeling rejected, or being overly sarcastic. They may form early by family and cultural concepts or imposed thoughts by peers (e.x. a god complex from having a low self-esteem, and inflated sense of invulnerability or a inferiority complex by being consistently made to believe one is less than or unwanted by their peers).