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Psych exam 2 Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

Classical conditioning

A

pair a neutral stimulus with unconditioned stimulus that causes a response

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2
Q

Unconditioned stimuls

A

automatically triggers a respone

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3
Q

unconditioned response

A

an unlearned neural response to unconditioned stimulus

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4
Q

neutral stimulus

A

elicits no reponse before conditioning

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5
Q

conditioned stimulus

A

originally neutral pairing with unconditioned stimulus triggers conditioned response

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6
Q

conditioned response

A

learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus

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7
Q

generalization

A

Things similar to the conditioned stimulus elicits similar responses

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8
Q

discrimination

A

ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and other irrelevant stimulus

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9
Q

operant conditioning

A

Learning based on outcome that follows behavior (reinforcement and punishment)

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10
Q

positive reinforcement

A

present a desired reward after behavior that is wanted

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11
Q

negative reinforcement

A

takes away undesired stimulus after behavior to encourage the bahavior

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12
Q

positive punishment

A

present an undesirable stimulus after behavior that isnt wanted

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13
Q

negative punishment

A

take away desirable stimulus after behavior

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14
Q

drawbacks to punishment

A

teaches fear and agression, learner may only decrease behavior in some situations, negatively reinforces punishers behavior.

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15
Q

observational learning

A

learning by watching others/ imitating others

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16
Q

albert banduras bobo doll experiment

A

kids were separated into 2 groups, one group watches a person beat the crap out of the bobo doll and the other group watched the person ignore the bobo doll. when each kid went into the room with toys and the bobo doll the group that saw the bobo doll beat up also beat up the bobo doll and vise versa with the group.

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17
Q

prosocial modeling

A

helpful, nonviolent, cooperative behaviors

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18
Q

antisocial studying

A

witnessing agressive behaviors –> agressive behaviors.

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19
Q

spearmans general intellegence

A

general mental abilities that underline performance on cognitive tasks. spatial, numerical, mechanical, and verbal.

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20
Q

sternbergs three intellegence

A

practical intelligence, creative intelligence, and analytical intelligence.

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21
Q

practical intellegence

A

the ability to adapt to the environment and achieve goals

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22
Q

creative intellegence

A

the ability to solve problems by coming up with new and original solutions

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23
Q

analytical intellegence

A

includes academic tasks, problem solving abilities, and abstract reasoning.

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24
Q

emotional intellegence

A

perceiving emotions, understanding emotions, managing emotions, and using emotions

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25
achievement tests
reflect on what we have learned, (SATS, exams, and competitions)
26
aptitude tests
predict ability to learn a new skill
27
issues with iq testing
used to cause harm against various social groups, no scientific proof to support inherent genetic differences between social groups. street smarts vs academic smarts
28
what is developmental psych
studies physical, cognitive, and social growth across our life span.
29
stages in piagets theory of development
sensory motor stage, pre-operational stage, concrete stage, formal operational stage,
30
formal operational stage
reasoning abstractly, 12+, shift beyond personal experience, hypothetical and theoretical thinking, ethics and morals
31
sensory motor stage
experiencing the world through senses, birth-2, lack of object permanence
32
pre-operational stage
representing things with words and images, 2-6, pretend play and egocentrism, have object permanence, lack of concervation
33
concrete operational stage
thinking logically about concrete concepts, 7-11, empathy starts to form
34
micro system
immediate environment of individual. (friends, workplace, school, family)
35
mesosystem
interaction of microsystem, school-work balance, friend-family interaction.
36
exosystem
systems and setting beyond the individual, relatives workplace, social services, city council
37
macrosystem
overarching patterns and beliefs, social norms, laws, cultural beliefs, systems of opression
38
three stages of memory
recall, recognition, relearning
39
recall
retreive information previously learned with no prompt, open ended questions
40
recognition
identify information previously learned, multiple choice
41
implicit memory
learned skills or classically conditioned associations
42
explicit memory
memory or facts/ experiences one consciously knows.
43
sematic memory
general world knowledge
44
episodic memory
personally experienced events
45
encoding
getting information into memory
46
effortful processing stratagies
chunking, mnemonics, hierarchys
47
spacing and testing effects
spacing, encoding spread over long period of time, testing, retrieving rather than simply rereading information
48
shallow processing
encodes on a basic level (a words letters) or on a more intermediate level (a words sounds)
49
deep processing
encodes semantically, based on a words meaning
50
storage
retaining encoded information over time
51
retrieval
accessing information from memory storage
52
flashbulb memory
clear memories of emotionally significant moments or events
53
context dependant memroy
recalling information when the context is the same for encoding and retreival
54
serial position effect
tendency to recall the last (recency effect) and first )primacy effect) items in a list
55
anterograde amnesia
inability to form new memories but recall old ones
56
retrograde amnesia
inability to recall past memories but can form new memories
57
misinformation effect
corruption of a memory by misleading information (loftus & palmer, 1974)
58
maslow hierarchy of needs
bottom to top of the pyramid: physiological needs (food and water), safety needs (stability and a nice house and good family environment), belongings and love needs, esteem needs, self actualization, self transcendence.
59
affiliation need
the need for the feeling of love and acceptance
60
grit
perseverance, and the ability to fulfill and have desire to accomplish long term goals.
61
extrinsic motivation
preforming or doing well for others or external rewards or to avoid punishment
62
intrinsic motivation
preforming for yourself and its own sake.

psychology (6 decks)

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