psychology exam one

Question 1

empirical

Answer 1

based on observation and experience rather than theory or logic

Question 2

nonempirical

Answer 2

based on theory and logic

Question 3

Mary Whiton Calkins

Answer 3

first woman APA president, finish psychology phd from Harvard but they didn’t give it to her because she was a woman.

Question 4

Margaret Floy Washburn

Answer 4

Second woman APA president, got her degree from Harvard and is well known for her work with behavior

Question 5

Francis Cecil Sumner

Answer 5

referred to as the “Father of Black Psychology” because he was the first African American to receive a PhD degree in psychology.

Question 6

structuralism

Answer 6

examines human consciousness by analyzing the most basic elements. primary technique, introspection

Question 7

functionalism

Answer 7

explore the function of mental and behavioral processes. william james

Question 8

behaviorism

Answer 8

redefined psychology as the scientific study of observable behavior. B. F skinner , Watson.

Question 9

psychoanalysis

Answer 9

emphasized ways the unconscious ,and and childhood experiences affect behavior. sigmund frued

Question 10

humanistic psychology

Answer 10

prioritized human growth potential. emphasized the need for love, acceptance, and enrichment that nurtures personal growth.

Question 11

different steps of scientific methods

Answer 11

make observation, form hypothesis, create testable prediction, test prediction, analyze data, communicate findings, start all over.

Question 12

descriptive

Answer 12

observe and describe individual variables. does not examine relationships

Question 13

correlational

Answer 13

measures relationships between variables for each individual participant. does not attempt to explain the relationship. correlation does not imply causation

Question 14

experimental

Answer 14

answers cause and effect questions about relationships between variables to test its effect. (holds constant [control] variables)

Question 15

independent variable

Answer 15

intentionally manipulated by the experimenter

Question 16

dependent variable

Answer 16

variable that responds in response to the manipulation of the independent variable. measured.

Question 17

hypotheses

Answer 17

a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.

Question 18

predictions

Answer 18

what someone thinks will happen

Question 19

whilhem wudnt

Answer 19

funded the first psychology labretory and explored structuralism

Question 20

brain plasticity

Answer 20

The brains ability to change through growth and reorganization especially during childhood. brain builds pathways through experinces

Question 21

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Answer 21

made up of brain and spinal cord receiving, processing, and responding to sensory information

Question 22

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Answer 22

everything but brain and spinal cord feeds information into your brain from most of your senses. It carries signals that allow you to move your muscles. Your PNS also delivers signals that your brain uses to control vital, unconscious processes like your heartbeat and breathing.

Question 23

Somatic

Answer 23

a component of the PNS associated with the voluntary control of body movements via skeletal muscles

Question 24

Autonomic

Answer 24

a component of the of the PNS that regulates involuntary psychological processes including heart rate, blood pressure, resperation, digestion, and sexual arousal.

Question 25

sympathetic (ANS)

Answer 25

best known for its response in dangerous or stressful situations. high respiration etc..

Question 26

parasympathetic (ANS)

Answer 26

responsible for the body's rest and digestion response when the body is relaxed. it undoes what the sympathetic nervous system does after a stressful situation.

Question 27

Endoctrine System

Answer 27

the glands and organs that make hormones and release them directly into the blood so they can travel to tissues and organs all over the body.

Question 28

Neurotransmitters

Answer 28

chemical messengers that travel between synapses

Question 29

Amygdala

Answer 29

a major precessing center for emotion. fight, flight, or freeze response. *My favorite part of the brain!*

Question 30

Hippocampus

Answer 30

memory and learning

Question 31

hypothalamus

Answer 31

body temperature, heart rate, hunger

Question 32

cerebellum

Answer 32

coordination, movement, maintaining posture and balance, muscle tone, and motor learning.

Question 33

frontal lobe

Answer 33

voluntary movement, expressive language and for managing higher level executive functions

Question 34

parietal lobe

Answer 34

helps construct the way your brain understands the world around you

Question 35

occipital lobe

Answer 35

visiospacial processing, distance and depth perception, color determination, object and facial recognition, and memory formation.

Question 36

temoral lobe

Answer 36

managing your emotions, processing information from your senses, storing and retrieving memories, and understanding language.

Question 37

sensation

Answer 37

receiving stimulus information from enviroment

Question 38

perception

Answer 38

organizing and interpreting sensory input.

Question 39

parallel processing

Answer 39

the use of multiple processors to divide the workload and minimize the compution time of a monotonous process.

Question 40

perceptual set

Answer 40

mental assumptions affect what we experience. context, emotions, motivations

Question 41

5 senses

Answer 41

see, smell, touch, taste, hear

Question 42

sensory interaction examples

Answer 42

smell+texture+taste=flavor Vision+hearing smell+ taste

Question 43

inattentional blindness

Answer 43

not noticing some unexpected object when attention is directed elsewhere

Question 44

change blindness

Answer 44

a perceptual phenomenon that occurs when a change in a visual stimulus is introduced and the observer does not notice i

Question 45

sleep purposes

Answer 45

protection, recuperation, restore memories

Question 46

effects of sleep deprevation

Answer 46

interpersonal conflict, depression predictor, less productive, accident risk, weight gain, physical issues.

Question 47

depressants

Answer 47

slows CNS and body functions. limits judgement. alcohol, barbiturates, opiates

Question 48

stimulants

Answer 48

speeds up CNS and body functions, rise in energy and confidence. caffine, nic, meth, ecstacy, cocaine

Question 49

hallucinogenics

Answer 49

distorts perception and evokes sensory images that aren't there. LSD, MDMA, Psilocybin, marijuana

Question 50

biological influence on substance use

Answer 50

alcoholism in the family

Question 51

psychological influence on substance use

Answer 51

self treatment for medical problems

Question 52

social influence on substance use

Answer 52

age, seeing other people do it