psych midterm 2 Flashcards
(42 cards)
rorschach test
blot test say what it look like, low reliability
TAT test
imagine stories about pictures, Somewhat effective in finding statistical trends for research Less effective for individual diagnosis
maturity principle
people become more agreeable over time
cumulative continuity principle
Personality traits
become more stable with age
alfred binet
created the first IQ test that showed if people would benefit from remedial education, Found that performance on widely different
mental tasks was positively correlated
how to calculate IQ
ig=(mental age)/(chronological age)x100
wechslers test
different versions for children and
adults
Raven’s Progressive Matrices
use no language, only
abstract figures, intended to be free of cultural
biases
tests for fluid intelligence
- Raven’s matrices
- Choice reaction time
- Inspection time
- Working memory
test for cyrstalized intelligence
- vocabulary definitions
- appropriate use of tools
- cultural practices
Attitude:
An evaluation of an object, event, or idea
Belief:
An idea or principle that is accepted as true
festinger
1$, 20$, no money, people had to believe that they liked the task that got 1 dollar
cognitive dissonance:
discomfort felt when there is inconsistency among behavior and/or beliefs.(1,20,no money)
people will change to feel they didnt waste time
A stereotype
is a schema for a group of people who are members of a category.
Implicit associations
making jusgements unconcouisly just by seeing someone race
Attribution:
the set of thought processes we use to assign causes
to our own behavior and the behavior of others.
Fundamental attribution error:
in explaining other people’s behavior, the
tendency to overemphasize personality traits and underestimate
situational factors
Actor/observer discrepancy:
When interpreting our own behavior, we
tend to focus on situations; when interpreting other people’s behavior,
we tend to focus on dispositions.
Mere-exposure effect
People show preference for things merely because they are
familiar with them or have been exposed to them
previously
Reciprocity:
if Person A helps (or harms) Person B, then
Person B will help (or harm) Person A.
Transitivity:
means that people generally share their
friends’ opinions of other people.
Social identity theory:
the idea that ingroups consist of
individuals who perceive themselves to be members of
the same social category and experience pride through
their group membership
Risky-shift effect:
Groups often make riskier
decisions than individuals.
