PSYCH PREFINAL Flashcards
YAWA (102 cards)
1
Q
This is part of yourself where you learn and understand your sexual development and how
people’s sexual activity, beliefs, and misconceptions and unlimited access to internet on sex
can influence your own sexual behaviors and responses.
A
SEXUAL SELF
2
Q
The most noticeable change as you start adolescence is ___________, where puberty starts to kick
in which can cause brain activity fluctuations as a result largely from the secretion of various
hormones which affects an adolescent’s life.
A
physical
3
Q
____________ are characteristics that involves directly with reproduction:
A
Primary Sex Characteristics
4
Q
Female reproductive organs: ___, ____, ___, ___, and ____
A
Ovaries
Fallopian Tube
Uterus
Clitoris
Vagina
OFUCV
5
Q
Male reproductive organs: ___, ___, ___, ___ and ___
A
Testes
Penis
Scrotum
Seminal Vesicles
Prostate Glands
TePeScroSePro
6
Q
________ are characteristics distinguishing males from females but
NOT specifically associated with reproduction
A
Secondary Sex Characteristics
7
Q
Example of secondary sex characteristics: the breasts development for females and the broad shoulders of males.
* Highlight: Changes occur during puberty because of ___________(produced
by the testes) in males that controls the development of the male secondary
sexual characteristics, while Example: the breasts development for females and the broad shoulders of males.
* Highlight: Changes occur during puberty because of ________(produced
by the testes) in males that controls the development of the male secondary
sexual characteristics, , while ______(produced by the ovaries) in females
that controls the development of female secondary sexual characteristics.
A
Testosterone
Estrogen
8
Q
What are the male reproductive organs
A
TE SPE PE SPERM
Testes
Sperm duct
Penis and Urethra
Spermarche
9
Q
The two testes (plural for testis) are contained in a bag of skin called the ____. They
have two functions: to produce sperm and to make the hormone testosterone.
A
Scrotum
10
Q
▪ The sperm passes through the_______, and mixes with fluids produced by _______.
A
sperm ducts
Glands
11
Q
The ____ provide the sperm cells with nutrients. This mixture is called ____.
A
fluids
semen
12
Q
_____ is a mixture of fluid that contains sperm but over 200 separate proteins,
as well as vitamins and minerals.
A
Semen
13
Q
The penis has two functions:
A
to pass urine out of the body from the bladder, and to
pass semen into the vagina of a woman during sexual intercourse.
14
Q
The ______ is the tube inside the penis that can carry urine or semen.
A
urethra
15
Q
➢ Female reproductive
A
OOUCVUM
o Ovaries and Oviducts
o Uterus and Cervix
o Vagina and Urethra
Menarche
16
Q
Two _____contain ova (eggs). Each ovary is connected to the uterus by an ________
(fallopian tube). The _________is lined with ciliated cells. Every month, an ovum (egg)
develops and becomes mature, and is released from an ____.
A
Ovaries
Oviduct
Oviduct
ovary
17
Q
is a muscular bag with a soft lining.
A
uterus
18
Q
It is where a baby develops until its
birth.
A
uterus
19
Q
is a ring of muscle at the lower end of the uterus.
A
cervix
20
Q
It keeps the baby in
place while the woman is pregnant
A
cervix
21
Q
is a muscular tube that leads from the cervix to the outside of the woman’s
body
A
vagina
22
Q
The opening to the vagina has folds of skin called ____that meet to form a _____
A
labia
vulva
23
Q
The _____also opens into the vulva, but it is separate from the vagina.
A
urethra
24
Q
It passes urine
out of the body from the bladder.
A
urethra
25
A ________ ensures that urine and semen do not get mixed up.
ring of muscle
26
Known as a woman's first menstrual period where the uterus starts to build a lining that
will later shed through.
Menarche
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These are parts of the body, which when stimulated, produce erotic or sexual sensations
and reactions because these parts are especially sensitive and can cause increased sexual
arousal when touched in a sexual manner
erogenous zones
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Common Erogenous zones are as follows:
mouth
breast
sex organs
anus
neck
thighs,
abdomen
feet
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she presented the three primary, distinct, but interrelated emotion systems in
the brain that mediate mating, reproduction, and the rearing of young, namely lust, attraction,
and attachment.
Helen Fisher 1998
30
Helen Fisher (1998) presented the three primary, distinct, but interrelated emotion systems in
the brain that mediate mating, reproduction, and the rearing of young, namely
lust
attraction
attachment
31
Characterized by the craving for sexual gratification and associated primarily
with the hormones (the estrogens and the androgens).
the sex drive libido or lust
32
It evolves to motivate individuals to seek sexual union with any appropriate
partner.
lust
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Characterized by increased energy and the focusing of attention on a preferred mating partner.
Attraction system
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In humans, attraction is also associated with feelings of exhilaration intrusive thinking about the beloved, and the craving for emotional union. Termed as: "___”, "___”, or “_____”.
Passionate love
Obsessive love
Infatuation
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Characterized by feelings of calm, security, social comfort, and emotional union.
Companionate system attachment
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Phases of sexual response cycle pioneered study of ____and ____
William Masters
Virginia Johnson
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This model describes the physiological responses that take place during sexual activity
Phases of Sexual Response Cycle
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the phases of sexual response cycle model describes the physiological responses that take place during sexual activity, the
cycle consists of four phases:
Excitement
Plateau
Orgasm
Resolution
39
Genitals fill with blood (male) and lubricate (female) ready for intercourse; rapid
breathing and pulse
excitement
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* Changes related to excitement reach a peak
plateau
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* Contraction all over the body; sexual release
orgasm
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Enlarged genitals release blood and go through refractory phase (Male);
resolves slower (Female)
resolution
43
In men and women, clinicians also recommend refraining from sex when either partner has a __________
newly diagnosed sexually transmitted infection or disease
44
Conditions that involve the transmission of an infectious organism between sex partners.
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) or Venereal Diseases (VDs)
45
Transmission of STDs are by means of _____, including ___, ___, and ____. Some STDs can also be contracted by sharing______
with an infected person.
sexual behavior
vaginal intercourse
anal sex
oral sex
intravenous drug needles
46
Common list of Sexually Transmitted Infections/Diseases:
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
Trichomoniasis
Syphillis
Herpes
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) / Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
(AIDS)
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* Caused by a bacteria called Chlamydia trachomatis
* Can infect both men and women
* Can be acquired during oral, vaginal, or anal sex with someone who has the
infection.
Chlamydia
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*Caused by a bacterium called Neisseria gonorrhoeae
* Can infect both men and women
* Can cause infections in the genitals, rectum, and throat
* Can be acquired by having vaginal, anal, or oral sex with someone being
infected with the disease
Gonorrhea
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* Caused by infection with the protozoan parasite called Trichomonas
vaginalis
* Carried in sexual fluids like semen, pre cum, and vaginal fluid
* Most commonly infected part in women is the lower genital tract which includes
the vulva, vagina, cervix, or urethra; in men, the inside of the penis and the
urethra.
* Symptoms include irritation, itchy, redness or soreness of the genitals, smelly
discharge, and painful or frequent urination.
Trichomoniasis
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* Caused by a bacterium called Treponema pallidum
* It starts as a sore on one’s genital, rectum or mouth
* Spreads to another person through skin or mucous membrane contacts with
the sores. Some who experience it may have no symptoms at all but the
infection may still be there.
Syphillis
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* Caused by two different but similar viruses: Herpes Simplex Virus type (HSV1) and Herpes Simplex Virus type 2 (HSV-2)
* Common infection that stays in one’s body for life. It causes sores on one’s
genital and/or mouth which can be annoying and painful.
* Can be transmitted when one’s genital and/or mouth touches the
genital/mouth of the other person during oral, anal, and vaginal sex.
* Can even be acquired from kissing someone who has oral herpes.
Herpes
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* In men, HPV is evident through genital warts on the penis, on the scrotum, in
or around the anus or on the groin.
* Has no symptoms, diagnosing HPV in men is difficult. The diagnosis in men is
made when external genital warts are seen.
* It can be spread through contact with the skin of someone who has an HPV
infection. Some types causes genital warts which are hard, rough lumps that
grow on the skin.
▪ Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
53
Destroys or impairs cells of the immune system and progressively destroys the
body's ability to fight infections and certain cancers
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) / Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
(AIDS)
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___is a condition while ___is a virus that may cause an infection, or
AIDS.
aids
HIV
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____can be transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse, but there are
also another route for contracting HIV.
HIV
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Means by which HIV is Spread:
Vertical Transmission
Blood Contamination
Needles
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▪ This is a form of transmission, a passage disease-causing
agent (pathogen) from mother to baby during the period of
immediately before and after birth. Transmission might occur
across the placenta, in breast milk, or through direct contact
during or after birth.
▪ However, this can be prevented through the help of
professional medical doctors and NOT every child born to an
HIV-infected mothe
Vertical Transmission
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Blood-contaminated body fluids can get into the bloodstream
of the HIV-negative person.
* Highlight: HIV is not spread through saliva or hugging
an HIV-positive person.
Blood Contamination
59
If a needlestick or syringe injury occurs in the setting of an
infected patient source, the risk of disease transmission ispossible. This does not only include HIV but other bloodcontamination infection such as hepatitis C.
Needles
60
o Information about the various types of birth control options that can be used by an individual
abound. These options would depend on what is best for an individual. Many of these methods
of contraception also lower your chance of getting STDs. It has to be noted that most types of
contraception can only be obtained with the help of a doctor.
➢ Methods of Contraception
61
In this method, only bodily changes are monitored in order to know when a
female is fertile or infertile by keeping track of her menstrual cycle. It does not
involve medicine or devices to prevent pregnancy. It can be done through
abstinence, fertility awareness, lactational amenorrhea, and withdrawal.
Natural Method
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* Any product, procedure or practice that uses artificial or unnatural
means to prevent pregnancy such as condoms and diaphragms hormonal
methods such as the pill and IUDs, surgical sterilization (vasectomy), etc.
▪ Artificial Method
63
▪ It is a Polyurethane foam that is soft and resembles a disc,
laced with the spermicide nonoxynol-9 to kill sperms. The
sponge functions as a covering for the cervix. It is inserted,
loop side down inside the vagina before sexual intercourse.
Contraceptive Sponge
64
A soft silicon cap placed inside the vagina so that it prevents
the sperm from getting into the uterus. Spermicide is put into
the bowl of the diaphragm before inserting it into the vagina
so it covers the cervix. Doctor’s prescription needed
Diaphragm
65
Thimble-shaped latex cup, basically like a diaphragm but
smaller. Also needs to be used with a spermicide. Different
articles highlight that it must remain in the vagina at least 6
hours after intercourse, but it also has to be taken out within
48 hours after.
Cervical Cap
66
One of the most popular forms of female contraception.
Taking this will prevent one from getting pregnant especially when doctor’s advice is strictly followed. Intake of the pill
results in changes in the uterus lining and cervical mucus
brought by the combined effect of estrogen and progestin.
PILLS
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This is also termed as “morning pill”. It must be taken right
away after having unprotected intercourse within 3 days. It
functions by preventing ovulation or blocking the sperm from
uniting with the egg.
o Emergency contraception
68
This is a hormone releasing patch. It releases progestin and
estrogen straight into the bloodstream. Can be put on different
parts of the body such as lower abdomen, buttocks, outer arm,
or upper body. It is suggested that the patch must be replaced
once every three weeks.
Transdermal Patch
69
The hormone progestin is injected every three months in the
buttocks or arms in order to stop possible fertilization.
Constant usage of this method may bring temporary bone
density loss but it can also be stopped once shots are not
taken.
Shot/Injection
70
Hormones progestin and estrogen are produced by the thin
and flexible vaginal ring. It is placed inside the vagina after it
has been squeezed between the thumb and index finger and
worn for three weeks.
Vaginal Ring
71
Looks like matchsticks that are flexible placed under the upper
arm skin. Blocks fertilization by causing deviations in the
uterus lining and cervical mucus. Effectivity of implantable
rods lasts for about five years.
Implantable Rods
72
There are two types of IUDs: hormonal or copper-based
devices.
* Hormonal IUD: progestin is produced in the uterus,
blocking fertilization and causing uterus lining to
thicken
* Cooper IUD: Copper wire coiled around the device
produces an inflammatory reaction that is toxic to
sperms and eggs. It can be kept inside the vagina for
up to five or ten years respectively
Intrauterine Device (IUD)
73
▪ The first non-surgical method of women sterilization. Done by
placing into each fallopian tube a spring-like device that is
small enough to be threaded by a thin tube. In the coiled part,
scar tissues that take three months to form prevents
fertilization by blocking the fallopian tubes
Sterilization Implant
74
Involves cutting, tying, or sealing the fallopian tubes in
women, in order to block the egg cells from travelling down tothe uterus. In men’s vasectomy, no sperm comes out during
ejaculation. After surgery, semen analysis can be done to be
sure if sperms are already gone.
Surgical Sterilization
75
Common contraceptives used by men because it can be
purchased from drugstores without prescriptions. The
government made condoms available to reduce the risk of
becoming pregnant or getting infected by STDs.
Male Condom
▪ Commo
76
One of the few types of contraception that can be bought overthe-counter at pharmacies and grocery stores. Known as
internal condom which provides dual protection from
unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections.
Female Condom
77
is you in your most beautiful and powerful form. It is the part of you that is connect to everything from humans, animals, nature, Higher Power, and that part that is love.
Spiritual Self
78
According to ______, spiritual self as man’s inner or subjective being, his psychic faculties or dispositions. These psychic dispositions are the most enduring and intimate part of the self, that which we most verily seem to be.
William James
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Concerns with faith in the claims of one faith tradition or involving organizations
Connected with religious teachings or dogma, ritual prayer, etc.
Spiritual self
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Concerns with the qualities of human-spirit such as love, forgiveness, care, hope, etc.
An individual & personal experience that leads to discovery of one’s soul, purpose, & meaning.
Spiritual
81
_______, pioneered by Viktor Frankl means “therapy through meaning”. Frankl's theories were greatly influenced by his personal experiences of suffering and loss in Nazi concentration camps.
Logotherapy
82
It is founded on the belief that human nature is motivated by the search for a life purpose
Logotherapy
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Central themes of Logotherapy
▪ Life has meaning, under all circumstances;
▪ The will to meaning is the central motivation for living;
▪ All have the freedom to find meaning in all that one thinks; and
▪ All must integrate the body, mind, and spirit to be fully alive.
84
Life’s Meaning Can Be Discovered By:
▪ Creating a work or accomplishing some task;
▪ Experiencing something or encountering someone; and
▪ Adopting toward unavoidable suffering.
85
In the Philippine context, ______is a reflection of your selfhood in relation to his national identity.
Political Self
86
Highlight: A nation empowers itself depending on the beliefs, goals, ideals, aspirations, and values of its citizen. Values as a people and as a nation gives the identity that differentiates one nation from the others. However, these values may improve or hiner development and progress but nonetheless, with unity of diversity, development and progress are achievable.
Political self
87
Strengths of the Filipino Character:
Pakikipagkapwa-Tao
Family Orientation
Joy and Humor
Flexibility, Adaptability, and Capability
Hard Work and Industry
Faith and Religiosity
Ability to Survive
88
Weaknesses of the Filipino Character:
Extreme Personalism
Extreme Family-Centeredness
Lack of Discipline
Passivity and Lack of Initiative
Colonial Mentality
Kanya-Kanya Syndrome
Lack of Self-Analysis and Self-Reflection
89
It is manifested in a basic sense of justice, fairness, and concern for others. It is also demonstrated in the Filipino’s ability to empathize and help others in times of need (pakikiramay), in the practice of bayanihan, and in the famous Filipino hospitality.
Pakikipagkapwa-Tao
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It is manifested in the honor and respect given to parents and elders, in the care given to children, the generosity towards kin in need, and in the great sacrifices one endures for the welfare of the family.
Family Orientation
91
These are manifested in the Filipino’s love for socials and celebrations, in our capacity to laugh even in the most trying of times, and in the appeal of political satire.
Joy and humor
92
These are manifested in the ability to adapt to life in the any part of the world and in the ability to make new things out of old scraps. It is likewise seen in the ability to accept change.
Flexibility, Adaptability, and Capability
93
These are manifested most noticeably in willingness to take risks with jobs abroad and while there, to work at two or three jobs.
Hard Work and Industry
94
These are manifested in the Filipinos’ deep faith in God. Our innate religiosity enables us to comprehend and genuinely accept reality in the context of God’s will and plan.
Faith and Religiosity
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This is shown in our capacity to persevere despite difficult times and in our ability to get by on so very little.
Ability to Survive
96
This is manifested in the tendency to give personal interpretation to actions, thus, a sincere question may be viewed as a challenge to one’s competence or positive feedback may be interpreted as a sign of special affection.
Extreme Personalism
97
This is manifested through the use of one’s office and power as a means of promoting the interest of the family, in factionalism, patronage, political dynasties, and in the protection of erring family member.
Extreme Family-Centeredness
98
This is manifested through causal and relaxed attitude towards time and space which manifests itself in lack of precision and compulsiveness, in poor time management, and in procrastination.
Lack of Discipline
99
These are described as the tendency to wait to be told what has to be done and strong reliance on others to do things for us. Filipinos are also described as submissive to those in authority and are not likely to raise issues or to question decisions
Passivity and Lack of Initiative
100
The inferiority towards Filipino culture and actual preference for foreign things
Colonial Mentality
101
This is evident through demonstrating selfish and self-serving attitudes that generate a feeling of envy and competitiveness toward others, particularly to one’s peers who seem to have gained some status or prestige
Kanya-Kanya Syndrome
102
This is described as the tendency to be superficial and even somewhat flighty. In the face of serious problems, both personal and social, there is lack of analysis and reflection
Lack of Self-Analysis and Self-Reflection
