psych test unit 4 Flashcards
what is sublimation?
a defense mechanism where unacceptable impulses are channeled into good behaviors.
what is reaction formation?
a defense mechanism where someone unconsciously expresses the opposite of what they truly feel
how do projective tests work?
a personality test where people respond to ambiguous stimuli, and their unconscious thoughts are revealed.
what are display rules?
culturally-learned norms that dictate how emotions should be expressed
facial-feedback hypothesis
our facial expressions can trigger emotional feelings and the body to respond
what is leptin?
a protein hormone that signals the brain to regulate food intake and eliminates hunger.
sensation-seeking theory
individuals have different needs for stimulation and excitement
lewin’s motivational conflicts theory
there are 3 different main types of conflicts: approach-approach, avoidance-avoidance, and approach- avoidance
psychodynamic theory
much of human behavior is driven by unconscious thoughts, feelings, and motivations.
what is the ego?
the realistic part of the personality that manages the id and superego
what are defense mechanisms?
unconscious psychological strategies employed by the ego to protect from anxiety
what is displacement?
a defense mechanism where people redirect their negative emotions from a threatening source to a less threatening source. ex: bad day at school, yell at mom
what is projection?
a defense mechanism where individuals attribute their unacceptable impulses to others.
ex: an insecure bully
what is the big 5 theory?
describes the personality in 5 broad traits that capture fundamental aspects of how people think…OCEAN
drive-reduction theory
when our physiological need increases, so does our drive to reduce it. ex: hunger and thirst
yerkes-dodson theory
the theory that states optimal performance occurs when stress levels are optimal.
arousal theory
we are motivated to maintain an optimal level of arousal
self-determination theory
people are motivated it competence, connection, and autonomy are fulfilled
self-actualizing theory
the drive to fulfill one’s full potential and become the best version.
social-cognitive theory
emphasizes that human behavior is learned through observation, modeling, and the dynamic interaction
reciprocal determinism
explains how a person’s behavior, thoughts, and environment influence and interact each other.
what is the role of the superego?
part of the personality that enforces moral judgements and and conscience
what is repression?
a defense mechanism where threatening thoughts are pushed into the unconscious mind
cognitive dissonance theory
suggests that individuals experience psychological discomfort, or dissonance, when their beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors are inconsistent with each other
