Psych Unit 12 Flashcards
(31 cards)
Id
part of our personality
we’re born with it, biological, our urges and desires come from the id
- sexual energy that motivates us to do everything we do
ex: if we’re hungry the id says “I want food now”
Superego
comes out of society, develops from social interactions
- our internalized sense of morality (right vs. wrong)
ex: we want to cheat but we don’t because the superego tells us not to
Ego
stuck between the id and superego
- sense of self, tries to mediate the tension between the id and superego
*the ego has to balance the unrealistic demands of the Id (pleasure) and the needs of the superego (reality)
Unconscious
the Id – primal instincts that direct behavior
- if it feels good, do it and do it now
Preconscious
ego and superego – internalization of morality
- you can access this information in your mind with little effort
- in between the unconscious and the conscious
Conscious
ideas, thoughts, and feelings that you aren’t aware of
ex: retrieving info from memory
Defense Mechanism
- use this when things threaten our egos
- protective behaviors of the ego
- manages threats to the balance of the superego and id
- we unconsciously do this to protect our ego
Freud Defense Mechanism Examples: Denial
denying reality
ex: someone has Type 1 diabetes and instead of dealing with it they say they don’t have it
Freud Defense Mechanism Examples: Repression
we take a traumatic event and repress it (we can’t consciously recall it)
- this happens unconsciously
ex: being abused in childhood and not remembering
Freud Defense Mechanism Examples: Projection
we take the feelings about ourselves and attribute them to someone else
projection = happens verbally
displacement = happens with actions
ex: men that are homophobia have homosexual tendencies
- they don’t like being gay so they are homophobic
Freud Defense Mechanism Examples: Displacement
you take feelings and channel them into an action
ex: doing bad on a test and taking those feelings and screaming at spouse
ex: person yells at kid after having a bad day at work
ex: hitting your TV from being angry
Freud Defense Mechanism Examples: Reaction Formation
we behave the opposite way we feel
ex: getting cut off in traffic and smiling at them instead of screaming
Freud Defense Mechanism Examples: Rationalization
using logic and reason to justify what we’re doing
ex: someone doesn’t pay their taxes and says “everyone doesn’t pay their taxes”
ex: someone failed an exam and rationalized it by saying they were sick
Freud Defense Mechanism Examples: Sublimation
we take the way we’re feeling and channel it into a prosocial activity
ex: your boss yells at you at work, so you go home and channel that into cleaning your house
Freud Psychosexual Stages of Development
- during development, the labito is channeled into different erogenous zones (that part of the body that is stimulated when touched)
- how the developing personality deals with sexual impulses of the id
Psychosexual stages and focuses
oral: labito focuses toward mouth
- pleasure from sucking on things
- get fixations from not getting fed enough or getting over fed
ex: chewing on nails/gum
anal: control of bowels and bladder
- get fixated if potty training is too loose or too strict
- you can become disorganized or very organized (ex: you’re very anal)
Phallic: focus on genitals
- develop romantic feelings
- cope with incestuous feelings
- fixation: people become over-confident
Latency: labito doesn’t do anything
- no fixations
- gender identity
- dormant (asleep) sexual feelings
Genital: labito focuses on finding a romantic partner
- from this stage on, personality is fixed
- no fixations
Freudian Slip
our unconscoius can sneek into consciousness and make us say things we don’t want to
- the ego tries to hold what we say in check, but sometimes it just comes out
- verbal or memory mistake
ex: freudian slips happen to the breast of us – instead of the best of us
ex: calling your current boyfriend your ex-boyfriend’s name
Freud Ideas that are still Used
- most psychologists say there’s an unconscious but it’s not as important as Freud believed it to be
- therapists still use defense mechanisms
Freud Ideas that are NOT Used Anymore
Freud focused too much on sex
- too much emphasis on sexual issues as the root of personality types and psych problems
Neo-Freudians
- they thought that social competence was a major motivation instead of sexuality for behavior
Carl Jung: believed there were a few unconsciouses
- thought there was a collective unconscious that was encoded in our DNA
- he coined introversion and extroversion
Karen Horney:
- thought they should focus on positive aspects
- thought envy worked differently
Behaviorist Approach
learning influences personality
- could be classical conditioning, operant conditioning, observational learning
- all these types of learning differ our personality
ex: we can learn to be conscientious through operant conditioning
Humanistic Approach
- humanism is a response to negativity
- humanists think people are good – what people do isn’t necessarily bad, but they mean to do well
- deemphasize abnormal behavior – instead, focus on success
Trait Theory
trait: personality characteristic that meets 3 criteria
- consistent – remains the same in different situations
- Stable – over time, we express the trait now and will express it in the future
- it varies from person to person – traits are on a continuum and can go from high to low
- clusters of characteristics explain people’s personalities
- factor analysis – using math to cluster items together
Eysenck’s Model: Early Trait Theory
people have varying degrees of arousal within the autonomic nervous system
- they transfer into introversion/extroversion and emotional stability (stable/unstable)
neurotic: people experience negative emotions
extrovert: socially outgoing
introvert: being social drains them
ex: if someone is outgoing and talkative, we characterize them as sociable
