Psychiatric Diseases Flashcards Preview

DMD3 sem 2 > Psychiatric Diseases > Flashcards

Flashcards in Psychiatric Diseases Deck (15)
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1
Q

What is the difference between mental illness and psychiatric disease?

A

Psychiatric diseases are diagnosed by a mental health professional

2
Q

How common is schizophrenia?

A

1.5% of Australians affected. Men and women equally. Features emerge between late teens and mid 30s

3
Q

What are the characteristic diagnostic features of schizophrenia?

A

Delusions

Hallucinations

Disorganized thinking and speech

Grossly disorganized or abnormal motor behaviour

Negative symptoms

4
Q

What are the dental considerations that should be made for people with schizophrenia?

A

Extra-pyramidal side effects

Psychotropic medications salivary gland hypofunction + xerostomia

Denture stomatitis, glossitis, gingivitis, oral ulcers

Rampant caries: due to xerostomia and habits

Antipsychotic drugs increase the risk of orthostatic hypotension

Dental treatment should be postponed if patient is having a psychotic episode.

Explain with visual teaching methods OHI

5
Q

How common is bipolar disorder?

A

1 in 100 people with experience an episode during their lifetime.

1.8% of males and 1.7% of females have had bipolar in the previous 12 months

Lifetime prevalence of 4%

6
Q

How is bipolar managed?

A

Lithium is the gold standard it is highly potent but doesn’t really help with the depressive phase

Antiepileptics can also be used such as carbamezapine

Antipsychotics can be used as well.

7
Q

What are the dental considerations of someone with bipolar?

A

Manic phase: Abrasion of gingiva and teeth with brushing

Depressive: Disregard for OH, increased caries risk (preference for carbs, poor OH, decreased saliva), perio risk (Smoking and poor OH)

8
Q

What are the medication side effects?

A

Xerostomia

Dysgeusia

Somtatitis/glossitis

Bruxism

Cravings for sugar (lithium)

9
Q

What are the diagnostic features of depression?

A

Depressed mood

Disinterest

weight loss
insomnia

Fatigue

Feeling of worthlessness

Suicidal thoughts

10
Q

What is used to treat depression?

A

Antidepressants for acute episodes + long term maintenance - SSRIs, SNRIs

Psychological therapies

11
Q

What are the dental findings for depression?

A

Poor oral hygiene

Increased caries risk - sweet cravings; impaired taste perception

Majority of SSRIs and antidepressants have shown to cause xerostomia, dysgeusia, stomatitis, and glossitis

TCAs are rarely used but they block reuptake of oral anaesthetics and in turn they block muscarinic and alpha 1 adrenergic receptors which depresses cardiac function

MAOs are used sometimes and they do not impact cardiac function when using LA.

12
Q

What medications are used to treat anxiety?

A

CBT is often highly effective

SSRIs are first line

SNRIs are second line

TCAs

Benzodiazapines (not recommended due to dependence or cognitive impairment) used for short term

13
Q

How can anxiety be a problem for dentists?

A

Dental anxiety which requires distraction, giving control to the patient, comforting patient

14
Q

How can dental anxiety be managed in extreme cases for dental care?

A

Sedation

15
Q

What are the dental implications of PTSD?

A

GIngivitis and periodontitis in patients that have associated comorbidities of depression, excessive tooth wear, higher risk of dental caries.

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