Psychiatric Disorders across the Lifetime

Question 1

Adolescent brain?

Answer 1

Prefrontal cortex matures later than cortical areas associated with sensory and motor tasks

so is a time of neural imbalance caused by early maturation of subcortical areas and delayed maturation of prefrontal control areas

Question 2

ADHD DSM-5?

Answer 2

-persistent pattern of INATTENTION and/or HYPERACTIVITY
-present for at least 6 MONTHS
-INAPPROPRIATE for developmental age
-INTERFERES with functioning or development
-several symptoms BEFORE 12
-several symptoms present in two or more SETTINGS
-symptoms not better EXPLAINED by other mental disorder

Question 3

ADHD risk factors?

Answer 3

Genetics (first degree relative)
Male
Environmental - premature, low birth weight, prenatal smoking exposure

Question 4

ADHD subtypes?

Answer 4

Inattentive
Hyperactive
Combined

Question 5

Behavioural and psychological symptoms in dementia? (BPSD)

Answer 5

Apathy
Mood disturbances
Hallucinations, delusions
Irritability, agitation, aggression
Sleep changes

More frequent and impairing in moderate and severe forms of dementia

Question 6

Dementia assessment?

Answer 6

Mini Mental State Examination

Question 7

Cognitive assessment?

Answer 7

ACE-III

Question 8

Hakim-Adams triad?

Answer 8

Cognitive impairment/confusion
Urinary frequency/incontinence
Gait disturbance (magnetic/stuck to the floor gait)

scans show normal pressure hydrocephalus - dilated ventricles

Question 9

ADHD triad?

Answer 9

Inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity