Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Phase 3a - Paediactrics > Psychiatry > Flashcards

Psychiatry Flashcards

(53 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

ADHD

A

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ADHD involved altered levels of ___ in the brain

A

Dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does ADHD affect the brain?

A

Structural and functional changes in the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Is there a genetic component to ADHD?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which gender is ADHD more common in?

A

More common in boys than girls (4:1) this is attributed to girls being able to cover up their symptoms until a later age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

__% of children with ADHD also have another co-morbid such as ASD, dyslexia or
depression/anxiety

A

50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

2 Categories of Presentation of ADHD

A

Inattention + Hyperactivity/Impulsivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Inattention Symptoms of ADHD

A
  • Does not complete instructions - Does not want to engage in intense tasks - Easily distracted - Difficulty organising tasks - Forgetful - Loses important things
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hyperactivity/Impulsivity Symptoms of ADHD

A

Cannot play quietly
Talks excessively
Does not wait their turn
Continuously on the go
Interrupt others
Answers questions prematurely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Diagnosing ADHD in < 16 y/o

A

child must have at least 6 criteria from either category

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Diagnosing ADHD in > 17 y/o

A

child must have at least 5 criteria from either category

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Conditions for the symptoms of ADHD

A

Symptoms must have been present BEFORE 12 years old for > 6 months - Symptoms must be present in more than one setting - Must be evidence of impairment of child’s function but also in line with child’s developmental level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ix for ADHD

A
  • Conners questionnaire - School observation - Home visit and information from other relatives etc
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Non-Medical Management of ADHD

A
  • Care plans from teachers - CBT - Behavioural strategies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Medical Management of ADHD

A

FIRST LINE : Methylphenidate
Lisdexamfetamine
Dexamfetamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Side Effects of Methylphenidate

A

Cardiotoxic - do a baseline ECG before prescribing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Autism Spectrum Disorder

A

A neurodevelopmental disorder impacts social interaction, communication and behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Causes of Autism Spectrum Disorder

A

Genetic with multi gene involvement - Structural changes within the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

3 Catergories of Presentation of Autism Spectrum Disorder

A

Abnormal social interaction, impaired social communication, repetitive ideas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Abnormal Social Interaction Presentation of Autism Spectrum Disorder

A

Poor eye contact - Plays alone - Uninterested in social interaction - Difficulty forming close relationships

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Impaired social communication of Autism Spectrum Disorder

A

Failure to develop spoken language
Failure to initiate conversation
Abnormal rhythm, pitch and tone of speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Repetitve ideas of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Study These Flashcards
A

Need for routine/rituals
Motor mannerisms: repetitive compulsive movements
Sensory issues: Only eat certain foods, do not like loud noises

23
Q

Dx of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Study These Flashcards
A

Features from all 3 categories plus one of before aged 3
1. Lack of social attachments
2. Abnormal/delayed expression
3. Abnormal symbolic play

24
Q

Management of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Education care plans - Applied behaviour analysis - Family support/counselling - MDT approach
25
What is anorexia nervosa?
Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by self-starvation, an intense fear of weight gain, and a distorted body image.
26
True or False: Anorexia nervosa is more common in adults than in children.
False. Anorexia nervosa can affect individuals of all ages, including children and adolescents
27
What are common risk factors for developing anorexia nervosa?
- Genetic predisposition Environmental pressures Psychological factors such as anxiety disorders Sociocultural influences promoting thinness
28
Which of the following is a common symptom of anorexia nervosa in children? A) Excessive weight gain B) Self-induced vomiting C) Self-starvation D) Increased appetite
C) Self-starvation Explanation: Children with anorexia nervosa often engage in self-starvation to prevent weight gain.
29
Which of the following is a common diagnostic method for anorexia nervosa in children? A) Skin biopsy B) Blood tests C) Psychological evaluation D) Urine analysis
C) Psychological evaluation Explanation: A comprehensive psychological evaluation is essential for diagnosing anorexia nervosa
30
What is the primary treatment approach for anorexia nervosa in children? A) Medication alone B) Nutritional rehabilitation C) Psychotherapy D) Surgery
B) Nutritional rehabilitation Explanation: Treatment typically involves nutritional rehabilitation, psychotherapy, and medical monitoring.
31
What are potential complications of anorexia nervosa in children?
Malnutrition Electrolyte imbalances Organ damage Growth retardation
32
True or False: With early intervention, the prognosis for children with anorexia nervosa is generally good.
True Explanation: Early recognition and treatment can lead to a favorable outcome for children with anorexia nervosa.
33
Which of the following is a preventive measure for anorexia nervosa in children? A) Encouraging healthy eating habits B) Promoting dieting C) Discouraging physical activity D) Ignoring body image concerns
A) Encouraging healthy eating habits Explanation: Encouraging healthy eating habits and realistic attitudes toward weight and diet can help prevent anorexia nervosa.
34
Which organization provides support for individuals with eating disorders? A) National Eating Disorders Association (NEDA) B) American Heart Association C) American Cancer Society D) National Institute of Mental Health
A) National Eating Disorders Association (NEDA) Explanation: NEDA offers resources and support for individuals affected by eating disorders.
35
What is bulimia nervosa?
Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting, excessive exercise, or misuse of laxatives.
36
Bulimia nervosa involves recurrent episodes of __________ followed by compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain.
binge eating
37
True/False: Q: Bulimia nervosa is more common in females than males.
True.
38
What is the typical age of onset for bulimia nervosa?
Adolescence or early adulthood, typically between 15 and 25 years.
39
Which groups are at higher risk for bulimia nervosa?
Females (10:1 female-to-male ratio). Adolescents and young adults. Those with a history of dieting or perfectionistic tendencies.
40
The peak onset of bulimia nervosa is between __________ and __________ years of age.
15;25
41
What are the core diagnostic features of bulimia nervosa?
Recurrent episodes of binge eating. Compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain (e.g., vomiting, laxatives). Self-esteem unduly influenced by body shape and weight. Episodes occur at least once a week for 3 months.
42
To meet the diagnostic criteria for bulimia nervosa, binge eating and compensatory behaviors must occur at least __________ a week for __________ months.
once; three
43
What physical signs may indicate bulimia nervosa?
Russell's sign (calluses on knuckles from induced vomiting). Dental enamel erosion (from acid in vomit). Swollen parotid glands. Dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.
44
What psychological features are associated with bulimia nervosa?
Low self-esteem. Fear of weight gain. Obsession with body image. Mood disturbances (e.g., depression, anxiety).
45
What are the common medical complications of bulimia nervosa?
Electrolyte imbalances (e.g., hypokalemia). Cardiac arrhythmias (e.g., QT prolongation). Gastrointestinal issues (e.g., esophagitis, Mallory-Weiss tears). Dehydration and renal impairment. Dental problems (e.g., enamel erosion, cavities).
46
Hypokalemia due to excessive vomiting or laxative use can lead to life-threatening __________.
arrhythmias
47
What tools are used to assess bulimia nervosa?
Clinical history (binge and purge patterns, body image concerns). Physical examination for physical signs (e.g., dental erosion, parotid swelling). Laboratory tests for electrolyte imbalances and renal function.
48
A __________ is often used to screen for eating disorders in adolescents and includes questions about body image and eating behaviors.
SCOFF questionnaire
49
What are the key principles of managing bulimia nervosa?
Multidisciplinary approach involving medical, psychological, and nutritional care. Psychotherapy: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is first-line. Family-based therapy for adolescents. Pharmacotherapy: SSRIs (e.g., fluoxetine) may be used for bulimia and comorbid depression or anxiety. Medical monitoring for complications (e.g., electrolyte imbalances).
50
__________ therapy is considered the first-line treatment for bulimia nervosa.
Cognitive-behavioral
51
True/False: Q: SSRIs, such as fluoxetine, are effective in reducing binge-purge behaviors in bulimia nervosa.
true.
52
What factors influence the prognosis of bulimia nervosa?
Early diagnosis and treatment improve outcomes. Severity of symptoms and comorbid conditions may complicate recovery. Supportive environment and adherence to therapy enhance recovery.
53
What conditions should be considered in the differential diagnosis of bulimia nervosa?
Anorexia nervosa (binge-purge subtype). Binge eating disorder (no compensatory behaviors). Major depressive disorder (with weight loss). Gastrointestinal disorders (e.g., GERD causing vomiting).

Phase 3a - Paediactrics (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions