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Approaches > Psychodynamic Approach > Flashcards

Psychodynamic Approach Flashcards

1
Q

psychodynamic approach

A
  • assumed that adult behaviour reflects complex dynamic interactions between conscious + unconscious
  • emphasises the importance of childhood processes
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2
Q

the tripartite personality

A
  • id (develops at birth) = allows us to get our basic needs met = based on the pleasure principle w/ immediate satisfaction
  • ego (develops after the age of one) = meet the needs of the id while taking into consideration the constraints of reality
  • superego (develops approximately 3 years or older) = inhibits the biological instincts of the id, resulting in a high level of guilt

Id – (the devil) I want (pleasure principle) is present from birth

Ego – do you really want? (reality principle) develops after baby is one years old

Superego (the angel) – you can’t have because it’s wrong (morality principle) – develops at 3 or 4 years of age

Id and superego in constant conflict with each other while ego is the middle man

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3
Q

defence mechanisms

A
  • the ego has difficult time satisfying both the id + super ego
    = employs defence mechanisms
  • repression
  • denial
  • displacement
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4
Q

repression - defence mechanisms

A
  • the unconscious blocking of unacceptable thoughts
  • these thoughts continue to influence behaviour + may cause emotional difficulties
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5
Q

denial - defence mechanisms

A
  • the refusal to accept reality to avoid having to deal with any painful feelings that may be associated w/ a traumatic situation
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6
Q

displacement - defence mechanisms

A
  • occurs when the focus of a strong emotion e.g. anger etc.. is expressed on an alternative person or object
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7
Q

psychosexual stages

A
  • oral stage
  • anal stage
  • phallic stage
  • latent stage
  • genital stage
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8
Q

oral stage - psychosexual stages

A
  • 0-18 months
  • starts at birth
  • mouth is primary focus of libidinal energy
  • child who is frustrated at this stage may develop pessimism, envy etc.. as an adult
  • over indulged = optimistic, gullible + full of admiration for others
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9
Q

anal stage - psychosexual stages

A

-18 months - 3 years
- child’s focus of pleasure in this stage is on eliminating + retaining faeces
- represents a conflict between the id (derives pleasure from expulsion of bodily waste) + ego (external pressure to control bodily functions)
- parents too lenient = disorganised, reckless
- or neat, stingy

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10
Q

phallic stage -psychosexual stages

A
  • 3-6 years
  • boys develop unconscious sexual desires for their mother
  • become rivals w/ their father for her affection
  • boys develop the Oedipus complex = represses sexual feelings towards mother + develop masculine characteristics
  • girls develop unconscious sexual attraction to their father
  • develop penis envy = negative feelings towards mother
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11
Q

latent stage - psychosexual stages

A
  • 6-puberty
  • period in which the sex drive becomes dormant
  • boys become more masculine + girls become more feminine
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12
Q

genital stage - psychosexual stages

A
  • puberty onwards
  • sexual urges are awakened
  • interest now turns to heterosexual relationships
  • the less energy the child has still invested in unresolved conflicts in previous stages, the greater the capacity to develop normal relationships w/ opposite sex
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13
Q

ads of psychodynamic approach

A
  • childhood importance
  • unique
  • psychoanalysis
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14
Q

disads of psychodynamic approach

A
  • abstract
  • sexist
  • falsifiabality
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15
Q

childhood importance - ads of psychodynamic approach

A
  • first approach to suggest how childhood is important in determining our adult behaviour
  • something other approaches don’t emphasise on
  • e.g. how a child who becomes anally fixated ends up with a certain type of personality as an adult
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16
Q

unique - ads of psychodynamic approach

A
  • the psychodynamic approach is unique
  • allows us to understand the complexity of human behaviour
  • e.g. how the ego uses defence mechanisms to justify behaviour
17
Q

psychoanalysis - ads of psychodynamic approach

A
  • the psychodynamic approach created psychoanalysis
  • a very deep + meaningful therapy for neurosis
  • where therapists try to understand the underlying causes of e.g. anxiety disorders, depression etc.., through hypnosis, dream therapy etc..
  • research has shown psychoanalysis to be extremely successful in treating many disorders compared to other therapies
18
Q

abstract - disads of psychodynamic approach

A
  • the abstract concepts e.g. ID, EGO, SUPEREGO
  • difficult to test since they’re unconscious
  • e.g. can’t physically prove that they exists
  • you can’t see this in a person’s body or brain
19
Q

sexist - disads of psychodynamic approach

A
  • the psychodynamic approach + especially Freud’s theory = sexist
  • he emphasises on the oedipus complex
  • suggesting that girls don’t experience the same feelings of guilt as boys e.g. in the phallic stage
  • also the idea of penis envy suggests that boys are a superior gender than girls
20
Q

falsifiability - disads of psychodynamic approach

A
  • tends to lack falsifiabiltiy
  • can’t prove it wrong
  • then prevents the theory from being scientific
  • since there is less research to support theory
  • e.g. can’t prove adult personality is a result of childhood experiences
  • if you tell an individual that they were sexually attracted to their opposite sex parent, they’ll tell you you’re saying something ridiculous = which then means you could say they’re in denial = just doesn’t work

Approaches (9 decks)

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