psychodynamic approach

Question 1

what are the main assumptions of the psychodynamic approach? /4
(cusi)

Answer 1

• behaviour explained as Conflicts of the mind
• role of Unconscious mind
• Structure of personality
• Influence of childhood experiences.

Question 2

what are the three parts of personality?

Answer 2

id, ego , superego

Question 3

what is the id + when does it develop?

Answer 3

Primitive, pleasure principle, unconscious drives and instincts, present at birth.

Question 4

what is the ego + when does it develop?

Answer 4

Rational, reality principle, mediates between Id and Superego, develops at two years.

Question 5

what is the superego + when does it develop?

Answer 5

‘Conscience’, morality principle, formed at end of phallic stage.

Question 6

what is the conscious?

Answer 6

part we are aware of and can easily access, ego

Question 7

what is the preconscious?

Answer 7

cannot access without effort, contins ego and part of superego.

Question 8

what is the unconscious?

Answer 8

cannot access without trained psychologist, contains superego and id.

Question 9

what are the three main defense mechanisms?

Answer 9

repression, displacement and denial

Question 10

what is repression?

Answer 10

used by ego- keep disturbing memories and repressed into unconscious mind.

Question 11

what is displacement?

Answer 11

when an impulse is redirected from original target onto a more acceptable one.

Question 12

what is denial?

Answer 12

the existence of unpleasant realities is denied and kept out of conscious awareness.

Question 13

what are the psychosexual stages of development? /5

Answer 13

oral, anal, phallic, latent, genital

Question 14

describe the oral stage?

Answer 14

source of pleasure in mouth, sucking and swallowing.
0-1 years

Question 15

what is the outcome of fixation in the oral stage?

Answer 15

forceful feeding, deprivation or ealry weeing cause fixation on oral activities (smoking).

Question 16

describe the anal stage?

Answer 16

pleasure in the anus, withholding or expelling faeces,
1-3 years

Question 17

what is the outcome of fixation in the anal stage?

Answer 17

toilet training either to lax or harsh, fixation leads to either obsessivnes and tidyness or the opposite.

Question 18

describe the phallic stage?

Answer 18

pleasure in penis or clitoris
3-5 years

Question 19

what is the outcome of fixation in the phallic stage?

Answer 19

unusual relationship with parent, fixation leads to vanity, self-obsession, sexual anxiety and envy.

Question 20

describe the latent stage?

Answer 20

sexual drives are repressed, 5-puberty. no fixation.

Question 21

describe the genital stage?

Answer 21

pleasure in genitals, masturbation and sexual intercourse
puberty- death

Question 22

what is the outcome of fixation in the genital stage?

Answer 22

fixation should occur in a mentally healthy adult.

Question 23

what complex’s did Freud propose? /2

Answer 23

the oedipus complex, the electra complex

Question 24

what is the oedipus complex?

Answer 24

in phallic stage, boys develop feelings for mother and hatred for their father.
boys fear their father will castrate them and so they repress their feelings and identify with the father.

Question 25

what case study did Freud study?

Answer 25

little Hans

Question 26

what happened in the Little Hans case study?

Answer 26

5 year old boy with fear of horses after seeing one collapse in the street.
Freud suggested his phobia was displacement, his repressed fear for his father displaced onto horses. unconscious fear of castration so oedipus complex

Question 27

ao3 real life application?

Answer 27

strength, development of psychological therapies, psychoanalysis.

used to explain mental disorders (depression).

cp- cant explain neuroses disorders such as schizophrenia.

Question 28

ao3 untestable concepts?

Answer 28

limitation, evidence based on singular case study, cannot generalise to other people as outcomes may differ.
not open to imperical testing.

Question 29

ao3 determinism?

Answer 29

limitation, rejects idea of free will, behaviour determined by unconscious motives. individual not responsible so no motivation to fix undessirable behaviours.