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PSYC 100 - Alyshia > Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

Psychological Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are 5 different types of disorder categories?

A
  1. Anxiety disorders
  2. Neurodevelopmental disorders
  3. Neurocognitive disorders
  4. Depressive disorders
  5. Bipolar disorders
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2
Q

What is a new approach to regarding mental disorders?

A

RDoC- seeks to guide classification and understanding of disorders and guide new DSM. To classify basied on causes not on symptoms

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3
Q

What are RDoC researchers focusing on?

A

Biopsychosocial approach to abnormal functioning

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4
Q

What are four features included in DSM 5

A
  1. Specific diagnostic criteria
  2. Conditions to formal disorders
  3. Cultural considerations
  4. Co-morbidities
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5
Q

Describe the progression of DSM

A

DSM. classification system was established, features to diagnose and distinguise disorders, statement of similar problems
DSM II - common language established
DSM III & IV- established symptoms and diagnostic criteria
DSM V - specific criteria for diagnostic, cultural considerations, co-morbidities, conditions to formal disorders

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6
Q

What are some dangers of labeling

A

Stigma

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7
Q

What are some perspectives of causation of disorders?

A
  1. Biopsychosocial
  2. Diasthesis-stress: predisposed person to disorder requires a stressor to instigate it (ex. twins with only 1 person with disorder)
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8
Q

What is an anxiety disorder?

A

A class of mental disorders in which anxiety is the main feature. It can be adaptive of maladaptive, when disproportionate to objective threat

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9
Q

What is generalized anxiety disorder?

A

Characterized by chronic anxiety, along with 3 other symptoms of GAD, for example: restlessness, irritability, distractibility

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10
Q

What might be an explanation for the cause of anxiety?

A

Biopsychosocial explanation: anxiety is caused by GABA imbalance. It occurs in groups with lower SES

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11
Q

What is a phobic disorder?

A

Under the class of anxiety disorders, it is characterized by an irrational, and persistent fear or avoidance of a place/thing/situation

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12
Q

What are the different types of phobia?

A

Specific phobia, Social phobia

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13
Q

What might be an explanation for the cause of phobias from an evolutionary standpoint?

A

The preparedness theory holds that beings are predisposed to certain fears as protective mechanisms. They have an adaptive value

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14
Q

What is a panic disorder?

A

Characterized by sudden onset of physiological and psychological symptoms of terror/panic attacks

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15
Q

What characterized Obsessive-Compulseive disorder?

A

Characterized by irrational/intrusive thoughts, and ritualistic behaviors to soothe these thoughts

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16
Q

What are the biological indicators of PTSD?

A

PTSD is associated with greater activity in the Amygdala, smaller hippocampus, and decreased medial prefrontal cortex

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17
Q

What are the different forms of unipolar mood disorders?

A

Major depressive disorder, chronic mood disorders, and specific type mood disorders

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18
Q

Which disorder maintains the highest heritability among all psychological disorders?

A

Bipolar disorder

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19
Q

What might increase the risk of having bipolar disorder?

A

Genetic disposition, neuroticism, conscientiousness, introversion

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20
Q

What are the 5 different criteria to be diagnosed with Major depressive disorder ?

A

A) at least 5 symptoms of MDD for at least 2 weeks
B) Significant disturbance in life
C) Not attributed to any other medical disorder
D) Not better explained by psychotic or schizoaffective disorders
E) Has never had a manic or hypomanic episode

21
Q

What is Dysthymia?

A

Prolonged, less severe depression for greater than 2 years, but does not meet criteria for MDD

22
Q

What’s the similarity and difference between Dysthymia and Double depression?

A

Double depression is more moderate than Dysthymia, however it is characterized by additional severe episode of depression

23
Q

The three attributional schemas of depression seek to explain low self esteem, long-term view and generality of failure. What are they?

A

I suck, God

24
Q

What does the updated cognitive model of Beck’s theory propose?

A

Depression is a result of genetic predisposition and unfortunate early life experiences. This results in depressive biases in thinking and memory

25
Q

What is the heritability estimate of depression?

A

33-45%

26
Q

Which hormones are associated with depression? What are the biological factors?

A

Serotonin and norepinephrine imbalances. The biological factors include decreased activity of the left prefrontal cortex, which high prefrontal cortex activity is heightened

27
Q

Which theory did Aaron Beck propose to explain the susceptibility of certain personalities to depression?

A

Aaron Beck proposed the helplessness theory to describe a depressed person’s tendency to attribute all negative experiences to causes that are internal, stable, and global

28
Q

The three attributional schemas of depression seek to explain low self esteem, long-term view and generality of failure. What are they?

A

I suck, God
Internal vs external
Stable vs Instable
Global vs Specific

29
Q

What is the depressive paradox?

A

To feel helpless, but blame oneself for it

30
Q

What is schizophrenia?

A

A disorder characterized by significant disruption of basic psychological processed with distorted reality, altered emotions. Symptoms are divided into positive and negative symptoms

31
Q

What are positive symptoms? Name 5

A

Del HaD Gross Cat
Positive symptoms are behaviors that arise in a person with schizophrenia. This includes: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized behavior, catatonic behavior

32
Q

What is the difference between delusions and hallucinations

A

Delusions describes a general irrational belief system, whereas hallucinations describe false perceptual experiences with a compelling sense of reality

33
Q

What is catatonic behavior

A

Catatonic behavior is a positive symptom of schizophrenia which include muscle rigidity and uncontrolled activity. It includes medication-induced movement disorders.

34
Q

What are negative disorders, include 3 examples

A

Deficits to behavior:

lack of emotion, poverty of speech, withdrawn

35
Q

What are the 5 different subtypes of schizophrenia?

A

procedure - PCDUR

Paranoid, Catatonic, Disorganized, Undifferentiated, Residual

36
Q

What are some types of paranoia?

A

GDPSEI are paranoid about their wives

Grandiose delusions, Delusional jealousy, Persecutory delusion, Somatic delusion, Erotomania, Ideas of reference

37
Q

What is undifferentiated schizophrenia?

A

Meets the criteria for schizophrenia but not for any subtype

38
Q

What is catatonic schizophrenia characterized by?

A

Alternation between catatonic immobility and extreme excitement, often include mirroring speech

39
Q

What is Disorganized schizophrenia characterized by?

A

Involved random behavior, disorganized speech, shifting emotions

40
Q

What are some biological factors that lead to schizophrenia

A

Genetic factors (concordance rate), excess dopamine activity, enlarged ventricles, tissue loss

41
Q

What are some social factors to schizophrenia?

A

Recovery may be disturbed by family environments

42
Q

what are some disorders of neurodevelopment disorders?

A

Autism spectrum disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder

43
Q

What are personality disorders?

A

disorder characterized by deeply ingrained inflexibility with thinking, feeling, impulsiveness, and lack of empathy. There are 3 clusters.

44
Q

There are 3 clusters of personality disorders, what are they?

A

Cluster A:
Cluster B:
Cluster C

45
Q

What are examples of cluster A subtypes

A

PSS

Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal

46
Q

What are some subtypes of cluster B personality disorders ?

A

BHNAP - BRO is dramatic, NAP
Borderline personality disorder, Histrionic personality disorder narcissistic personality disorder, Anti-social personality disorder, psychopathy

47
Q

What are some subtypes of cluster C personality disorders?

A

ADO IS ANXIOUS

Avoidant, Dependent, Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

48
Q

What is the difference between Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder?

A

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is characterized by extreme attention to detail that disrupts work, whereas OCD is characterized by disruptive thoughts that are folllowed by ritualistic behavior

PSYC 100 - Alyshia (4 decks)

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