Psychologists and their concepts/theories Flashcards
(29 cards)
Gordon Allport
founder of personality psychology
rotter
locus of control
internal: belief that one is responsible for the consequences of their actions external: interpret the consequences of their behavior to be controlled by fate, luck, or powerful others
bandura
self efficacy
having confidence in your ability to accomplish a goal
linked with having internal LOC
kelly
personal constructs
michel
cognitive affective personality system
anne constantinople
gender research
stated gender is best described as 2 separate dimensions ad that one could be high in both masculinity and feminity or low on both
Sandra bem
gender research
healthy gender identity is represented by behaving in ways consistent with society’s expectations of your biological sex
walter mischel
situationist
stated personality changes from 1 situation to the next
synder
self monitoring
extent to which people can and do modify their behavior in response to a situational pressure
Capsi, Elder, Bem
do ill tempered children become ill tempered adults?
if so, what are the causes and consequences of this continuity
Ross Greene
harsh punishment
3 plans
A: telling child “you must” or “you will” will NOT work for tempered kids (also called unilateral approach)
B: “Collaborative Problem Solving”: present problem to child and ask for his input in how it should be solved
way to get child involved
C: opposite from plan A. dropping the expectation completely
Ex: NOT taking explosive child to grocery store
Rosenhan
are mental health professionals really able to distinguish between mentally ill and mentally healthy people?
seligman
learned helplessness
Langer and Rodin
Quasi Experiment
does having some sense of control help nursing home residents increase their mental alertness, activity level, satisfaction with life, and other measures of behavior and attitude?
wegner
ironic processes of mental control
attempt to stop a thought initiates 2 mental processes- a conscious operating process that searches for anything to think about other than the unwanted- and an automatic monitoring process that searches for the unwanted thought
martin and tesser
goal progress theory of rumination
pennebaker
writing about Emotional Experiences as a therapeutic process
smith and glass
meta analysis
analyze and summarize all studies in an existing research area
dodo bird verdict
Everyone has won, and all must have prizes
makes therapists happy because everyone wins, and they all get to use whatever technique they prefer.
this is FALSE
Goldfried
go beyond randomized clinical trials to give clients what they expect from therapists, which is to make their lives better.
Both clients and therapists should expect that treatment should help, not harm, the client.
focusing on general principles of the therapeutic change process rather than arguing about technique vs. relationship
Close the research-practice gap, which includes ending the hostility between researchers and practitioners. This might best begin at the undergrad or grad school level
Cranske and Barlow
Panic Control Treatment (PCT)
Their treatment involved exposing sufferers to mild version of their physical sensations (e.g., spinning around inc hair to produce dizziness) and then using extinction to help them learn that the sensations did not lead to a terrible outcome.
helps patients identify their irrational beliefs about their physical sensations and replace those beliefs with calming techniques.
Kazdin
the heart of treatment with children with aggressive behavior
Parent management training (PMT)—teaches parents concrete ways of interacting with the child in the home.
Cognitive problem-solving skills training (PSST): a therapist meets individually with the child and comes up with strategies for how to meet those demands. Act out solutions in role-play situations.
Maslach burnout model
Emotional exhaustion: feelings of being emotionally overextended and exhausted by one’s work
Depersonalization: unfeeling and impersonal response toward clients or students
Reduced sense of personal accomplishment: feelings of inadequate personal achievement accompanied by a diminished self-esteem; tendency to evaluate oneself negatively with regard to one’s work with clients.
Rosenthal & Fode
students were told they’d be working with either maze-bright or maze-dull rats (no difference in reality). The “maze-bright” rats had faster recorded learning times. Demonstrated experimenter expectancy effect.
