Psychology Flashcards Preview

Psychology > Psychology > Flashcards

Flashcards in Psychology Deck (20)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Smith and glass

A

meta-analysis:
technique developed by Glass to statistically analyze and summarize all studies in an existing research area, on the effectiveness of all of the psychotherapy studies that had been done to that point.

2
Q

effective size

A

measure of effectiveness that is independent of success size…typically separates the concepts of practical vs. statistical significance) was obtained for any outcome measure reported in the study.

3
Q

Dodo bird verdict

A

Everyone has won, and all must have prizes
makes therapists happy because everyone wins, and they all get to use whatever technique they prefer.
this is FALSE

4
Q

Difference between American Psychological Association and American Psychiatric Association

A

American Psychiatric:
started in ‘91

American Psychological:
started in 2010
use their gut feelings and new untested therapies
do NOT consider scientific evidence in choosing their therapy

5
Q

how has the medicalization of psychological problems affected stigma against these problems?

A

People who start with a predominantly psychological view of depression & who received the biomedical model information actually showed higher levels of stigma post intervention. Others have found similar effects

6
Q

what has happened to NIMH (National Institute of Mental Health) funding for therapy recently? why?

A

shifted its funding focus toward medication because pharmaceutical companies are moving away from drug testing due to the expense & increasing lawsuits over fraud. NIMH has had to pick up the slack, which leaves less money for the testing of different therapies.

7
Q

what is the RDoC?

how is it different from the DSM?

A

Research Domain Criteria
Proposed by the NIMH as an alternative to the DSM
Designed to move beyond the DSM classification model of symptoms/syndromes and toward developing an understanding of the supposed biological mechanisms of psychiatric-related function
Key feature is that it is dimensional rather than categorical & describes a range of behavior from normal to abnormal.
focus more on the interaction between psychosocial and neurobiological variables.

8
Q

Goldfried’s opinion regarding the focus on clinical trials as apposed to clinical insight

A

go beyond randomized clinical trials to give clients what they expect from therapists, which is to make their lives better.
Both clients and therapists should expect that treatment should help, not harm, the client.

9
Q

outcome research

A

answers the questions “Does therapy work?” Outcome research is basically clinical trials and involves pitting a particular treatment against another treatment or a no-treatment control

10
Q

process research

A

answers the question “How does the successful therapy work?” and looks for moderators and mediators

11
Q

Carl Rogers

A

first psychologist that argued the therapeutic relationship was critical to success

12
Q

what does Goldfried think we should be focusing on, and what does his solution entail?

A

focusing on general principles of the therapeutic change process rather than arguing about technique vs. relationship
Close the research-practice gap, which includes ending the hostility between researchers and practitioners. This might best begin at the undergrad or grad school level

13
Q

three general types of phobias discussed in the “Relaxing Your Fears Away” chapter

A

Simple/specific—irrational fears of animals or specific situations (e.g., heights, small spaces)
Social—irrational fears about interactions with others (e.g., public speaking)
Agoraphobia—irrational fear of being in an unfamiliar, open, or crowded space, usually resulting in response to a panic attack that occurred in those spaces.

14
Q

logic behind behavioral therapies?

Goal?

A

you can’t hold two incompatible responses at the same time (fear & relaxation can’t exist simultaneously).

15
Q

systematic desensitization work

A

learn progressive muscle relaxation
make a list of anxiety-provoking situations that increase in intensity until you reach the worst situation you can imagine.
process of unlearning. Go down your list and imagine each one in deep relaxation until it no longer causes you stress.

16
Q

what are the triple vulnerabilities of panic disorders

A

Generalized biological vulnerability in the form of an anxious temperament
Generalized psychological sense while growing up that the world is a potentially dangerous place and that coping might be really difficult. Generalized fear, lack of self-confidence in ability to cope, low self-esteem.
Belief developed at an early age that physical sensations are particularly dangerous and one must be on guard for unexplained bodily events/illnesses.

17
Q

Maslach burnout model

A

Emotional exhaustion: feelings of being emotionally overextended and exhausted by one’s work
Depersonalization: unfeeling and impersonal response toward clients or students
Reduced sense of personal accomplishment: feelings of inadequate personal achievement accompanied by a diminished self-esteem; tendency to evaluate oneself negatively with regard to one’s work with clients.

18
Q

Clinical psychology:

A

the area of psychology that focuses on researching, diagnosing, and treating psychological problems.

19
Q

Psychotherapy:

A

any therapeutic technique that is designed to help

20
Q

Types of Therapeutic Technqiues

A
Behavioral therapies
Humanistic therapy 
Cognitive therapies
Cognitive-behavioral therapies
Psychodynamic therapies