Psychology Flashcards
(17 cards)
What is psychology?
Psychology studies the relationship between behaviour and mental process.
What do psychologist do?
Psychologist seek to understand and explain thoughts, emotions, feelings and behaviour.
Difference between a psychologist and psychiatrist?
Psychiatrists prescribe medication, psychologists can’t.
Responsibilities of a psychologist?
Responsibilities of a psychologist are competence, privacy and confidentiality and propriety.
Scientific method
The scientific method is the step-by-step approach to planning, conducting and reporting research.
- identify the research topic of interest
- formulate the hypothesis
- select the research method and design the study
- collect the data
- analyze the data
- draw conclusions
- Report the findings.
What is ethics in psychological research?
Ethics in psychological research is the moral of principles and standards that distinguish between right and wrong or good and bad.
Psychologist ethical guidelines
- Informed consent
- Voluntary participation
- Deception- participants should not be deceived over the nature of the research or any procedures involved in the research.
- Debriefing
- Withdrawal
- Confidentiality
- Professional conduct
Difference between sample and population?
A population is an entire group that you want to draw conclusions about. A sample is a specific group that you will collect data from.
Independent and dependent variables – and be able to identify them
The independent variable is the variable being changed and affects the dependent variable.
The dependent variable is the variable being tested and is ‘dependent on the independent variable.
Extraneous/confounding variables
Extraneous variables produce an association between two variables that are not causally related. Confounding variables affect two variables that are not spuriously related.
What happens when we cannot control all extraneous variables?
If left uncontrolled, extraneous variables can lead to inaccurate conclusions about the relationship between independent and dependent variables.
Investigation designs (experimental, qualitative, quantitative observational)
Observational is where you observe certain variables and try to determine if there is any correlation.
Experimental is where you control certain variables and try to determine if there is any causality.
Quantitative data is information collected in the course of a research study that is numerical in form (e.g. a score on a test of time in seconds).
Classical Conditioning
Classical conditioning is a type of learning that happens unconsciously that creates an automatic conditioned response paired with a specific stimulus.
List three areas a psychologist can specialise in and give an example of a role they each may have.
- Sport psychology
- Helping athletes improve performance
- Clinical psychology
- Assess / treat people with mental disorders and psychological problems
- Forensic psychology
- Giving evidence in court
What is the difference between quantitative and qualitative data?
Quantitative data is information collected in the course of a research study that is numerical in form (e.g. a score on a test or time in seconds).
Qualitative data is the information collected in the course of a research study that is in non-numerical form (e.g. transcripts from interviews).
Intrinsic motivation
motivation that results from internal factors operating within an individual
Extrinsic motivation
Extrinsic motivation is motivation that results from rewards that are external to the individual.
