Psychology 470 Exam 2

Question 1

Allport: Common traits

Answer 1

Traits from cultures, influenced by time and environment

Question 2

Allport: Cardinal traits

Answer 2

One pervasive and powerful trait

Question 3

Allport: Central traits

Answer 3

Outstanding traits regarding behavior

Question 4

Allport: Secondary traits

Answer 4

Inconsistent behaviors (preferences, attitudes, etc)

Question 5

Allport: Functional autonomy of motives

Answer 5

Adult motives are independent of childhood experiences

Question 6

Allport: Proprium

Answer 6

The ego or self

Question 7

Allport: Individual traits

Answer 7

Unique and defines a person’s character

Question 8

Allport: Two personalities

Answer 8

Discontinuous personalities between child and adult

Question 9

Allport: PERSONALITY

Answer 9

“A dynamic organization of psychosocial systems within an individual”, genetics and two personalities

Question 10

Erikson: Basic strengths

Answer 10

Virtues that you can develop in each stage by adapting in a productive way

Question 11

Erikson: Basic weakness

Answer 11

Bad habits we can develop while trying to cope with challenges

Question 12

Erikson: Maldevelopment

Answer 12

When the ego deals with conflict using only one coping mechanism

Question 13

Erikson: Maladaptive

Answer 13

Only positive coping mechanisms are present (leads to neurosis)

Question 14

Erikson: Malignant

Answer 14

Only negative coping mechanisms are present (leads to psychosis)

Question 15

Erikson: Stage conflicts

Answer 15

Hope, Will, Purpose, Competence, Fidelity, Love, Care, Wisdom

Question 16

Erikson: Stage names

Answer 16

Oral-sensory, Muscular-anal, Locomotive-genital, Latency, Adolescence, Young Adulthood, Adulthood, Maturity

Question 17

Erikson: Hope stage

Answer 17

Trust vs mistrust

Question 18

Erikson: Will stage

Answer 18

Autonomy vs doubt/shame

Question 19

Erikson: Purpose stage

Answer 19

Initiative vs guilt

Question 20

Erikson: Competence stage

Answer 20

Industriousness vs inferiority

Question 21

Erikson: Fidelity stage

Answer 21

Identity cohesion vs role confusion

Question 22

Erikson: Love stage

Answer 22

Intimacy vs isolation

Question 23

Erikson: Care stage

Answer 23

Generativity vs stagnation

Question 24

Erikson: Wisdom stage

Answer 24

Ego integrity vs despair

Question 25

Allport: Healthy adult personality

Answer 25

1. Extends sense of self other things 2. Relates warmly to other people 3. Accepts oneself, emotional security 4. Realistic perception, commitment 5. Humor and personal insight 6. Unifying personal philosophy

Question 26

Cattell: Factor analysis

Answer 26

Correlations between measurements explained by underlying factors

Question 27

Cattell: Common traits

Answer 27

Traits that everyone has to an extent (intelligence, etc)

Question 28

Cattell: Unique traits

Answer 28

Specific preferences and behaviors of a person

Question 29

Cattell: Ability traits

Answer 29

One's skills and abilities that determine their success in goals

Question 30

Cattell: Temperament traits

Answer 30

The emotional tone of our behavior

Question 31

Cattell: Dynamic traits

Answer 31

Forces that underlie our motivations and behavior

Question 32

Cattell: Surface traits

Answer 32

Source traits and behavioral elements that are less stable over time

Question 33

Cattell: Source traits

Answer 33

Single, stable, permanent elements of our behavior

Question 34

Cattell: Constitutional traits

Answer 34

Biologically-induced traits (alcohol and drug influences, etc)

Question 35

Cattell: Environmental-mold traits

Answer 35

Traits resulting from social and other external influences

Question 36

Who created the 16 Personality Factor?

Answer 36

Raymond Cattell

Question 37

Cattell: L data, Q data, T data

Answer 37

Life data, questionnaire data, objective data

Question 38

Eysenck: PERSONALITY

Answer 38

Extraversion, neuroticism, psychoticism - genetic influence, based on twin studies

Question 39

Eysenck: Superfactors

Answer 39

Combinations of traits and factors that are stable throughout a lifetime

Question 40

What are the biological differences between extraverts and introverts?

Answer 40

Cortical arousal (higher in introverts)

Question 41

Ashton & Lee Hexaco Model

Answer 41

Honesty/humility Emotionality Extraversion Agreeableness Conscientiousness Openness to experience

Question 42

Paulhus & Williams Dark Triad: Narcissism

Answer 42

Self-obsession, demand for other's praise

Question 43

Paulhus & Williams Dark Triad: Machiavellianism

Answer 43

Need to manipulate others, cunning, deceitful

Question 44

Paulhus & Williams Dark Triad: Psychopathy

Answer 44

Insensitive, lack of empathy

Question 45

Who had the lifespan approach (strength, weakness, maldevelopment)?

Answer 45

Erik Erikson

Question 46

Who had the genetics approach (proprium, ICCCS, two personality, healthy adult)?

Answer 46

Gordon Allport

Question 47

Who had the factors approach (traits, 16 PF, data)?

Answer 47

Raymond Cattell

Question 48

Who had the biological approach (three dimensions)?

Answer 48

Hans Eysenck

Question 49

Who had the Five Factor OCEAN Model?

Answer 49

Costa & McCrae

Question 50

Who had the Dark Triad (narcissism, machiavellianism, psychopathy)?

Answer 50

Paulhus & Williams