Psychology ch. 1 Flashcards
(61 cards)
Descartes’ version of dualism defines behavior as controlled by the soul and the body. His philosophy suggests that it is possible to scientifically study behavior because:
a) all human behaviors are produced by the soul.
b) all behaviors that are common to both humans and animals are produced by the body alone.
c) the soul does not exist outside the body.
d) the body controls physical movement and nonphysical thought.
b) all behaviors that are common to both humans and animals are produced by the body alone.
The two major specialties that are devoted to the task of understanding individual differences among people are:
a) behavioral genetics and personality psychology.
b) perceptual psychology and abnormal psychology.
c) personality psychology and abnormal psychology.
d) social psychology and personality psychology.
c) personality psychology and abnormal psychology.
What was the significance of Paul Broca discovering that the loss of the ability to speak is linked to damage in a specific area of the brain?
a) It refuted the idea that mental processes interact to produce behavior.
b) It supported the idea that only humans can use language.
c) It suggested the idea that different parts of the brain serve different mental functions.
d) It refuted the concept of localization of function in the brain.
c) It suggested the idea that different parts of the brain serve different mental functions.
The idea that an inanimate object cannot learn because it does not possess any innate knowledge demonstrates which theory?
a) nativism.
b) empiricism.
c) materialism.
d) behaviorism.
a) nativism.
Andrew believes that a depressed client’s self-degrading thoughts and self-injurious behaviors are the results of the mechanical brain and body’s control over the client’s behavior. He only believes in matter and how it influences behavior. Andrew’s belief identifies with the early philosophy known as:
Correct Answer
a) materialism.
b) behaviorism.
c) dualism.
d) empiricism.
a) materialism.
Pat is conducting a laboratory study on obedience. Pat is interested in how the proximity of authority figures contributes to the level of obedience. Pat’s field is most likely _____ psychology.
a) social.
b) cultural.
c) cognitive.
d) learning.
a) social.
Mohammad is interested in comparing young children, older children, and adolescents in terms of their moral reasoning level. Given his interest in typical age-related changes in reasoning, he is most likely a _____ psychologist.
a) social.
b) learning.
c) cultural.
d) developmental.
d) developmental.
The belief that all behaviors are a result of involuntary reactions to stimuli in our environment is:
a) dualism.
b) nativism.
c) materialism.
d) reflexology.
d) reflexology.
Jeremy’s ability to hold himself upright demonstrates _____knowledge while his ability to do a variety of yoga poses demonstrates _____knowledge.
a) nativist; semantic.
b) a posteriori; a priori.
c) a priori; nativist.
d) a priori; a posteriori.
d) a priori; a posteriori.
Who was the scientist who wrote The Origin of Species and proposed that natural selection leads to the evolution of behavioral tendencies that promote survival and reproduction?
a) Wilhelm Wundt.
b) Thomas Hobbes.
c) Charles Darwin.
d) René Descartes.
c) Charles Darwin.
Charlotte falls from her bike and scrapes her knee after riding around a street corner too sharply. The next time she is riding around a corner, she makes sure to slow down so that she will not fall and feel the pain of scraping her knee. What philosophy does Charlotte demonstrate by learning from her initial sensory experience of falling and feeling pain?
a) nativism.
b) Empiricism.
c) dualism.
d) interactionism.
b) Empiricism.
How did the contributions of Charles Darwin help make the world ripe for psychology?
a) He advanced the idea that specific parts of the brain serve specific functions in the production of mental experience and behavior.
b) He helped convince people that humans are part of the natural world and can be analyzed in the same way as nonhuman species.
c) He was the first to conceptualize the mechanical control of movement as reflexes, or involuntary responses to stimuli.
d) He was the first to challenge the church’s view that the human soul could not be studied scientifically.
b) He helped convince people that humans are part of the natural world and can be analyzed in the same way as nonhuman species.
Colin argues with a colleague that one part of the brain controls anxious thoughts while another part controls the way they talk. What notion proposed in the nineteenth-century supports Colin’s argument?
a) localization of function.
b) empiricism.
c) reflexology.
d) materialism.
a) localization of function.
Wilhelm Wundt is credited as the founder of scientific psychology because he:
a) created the term “psychology.”
b) was the first to conduct psychological research on reflexes.
c) published the first textbook that defined psychology as a science.
d) was the first theorist to consider the role of physiology in psychological processes.
c) published the first textbook that defined psychology as a science.
A cultural psychologist would most likely investigate jealousy by:
a) emphasizing the immediate social influences that act on individuals and affect their beliefs about jealousy.
b) examining significant differences in romantic and sexual behavior across different countries.
c) describing age-related changes in jealousy that correspond with age-related changes in social relationships.
d) focusing on how people’s knowledge or beliefs about jealousy cause them to engage in specific behaviors with their romantic partner.
b) examining significant differences in romantic and sexual behavior across different countries.
Andrew believes that a depressed client’s self-degrading thoughts and self-injurious behaviors are the results of the mechanical brain and body’s control over the client’s behavior. He only believes in matter and how it influences behavior. Andrew’s belief identifies with the early philosophy known as:
a) materialism.
b) behaviorism.
c) dualism.
d) empiricism.
a) materialism.
What was the significance of Paul Broca discovering that the loss of the ability to speak is linked to damage in a specific area of the brain?
a) It refuted the idea that mental processes interact to produce behavior.
b) It supported the idea that only humans can use language.
c) It suggested the idea that different parts of the brain serve different mental functions.
d) It refuted the concept of localization of function in the brain.
c) It suggested the idea that different parts of the brain serve different mental functions.
Which approach would a behavioral geneticist most likely take in order to understand the factors involved in sexual jealousy?
a) Examine people who have suffered damage to brain areas that may cause a deficit in the experience of jealousy.
b) Investigate how jealousy may promote long-term mating bonds and reproduction.
c) Identify how reinforced jealous reactions may increase in frequency, and how ineffective reactions may decrease.
d) Measure the degree of jealousy displayed in identical twins as compared to nonidentical twins.
d) Measure the degree of jealousy displayed in identical twins as compared to nonidentical twins.
The view that elementary ideas are innate to the human mind and are not gained through experience is known as:
a) empiricism.
b) dualism.
c) nativism.
d) materialism.
c) nativism.
Which explanations for behavior describe the typical age differences that occur in how people act and think?
a) developmental explanations.
b) social explanations.
c) cultural explanations.
d) evolutionary explanations.
a) developmental explanations.
A psychologist is researching effective learning strategies for acquiring a second language. This type of research is:
a) cognitive.
b) social.
c) developmental.
d) neurological.
a) cognitive.
Which type of knowledge did Kant say is built into the human brain and does not have to be learned?
a) environmental knowledge.
b) a posteriori knowledge.
c) semantic knowledge.
d) a priori knowledge.
d) a priori knowledge.
How did the contributions of Charles Darwin help make the world ripe for psychology?
a) He advanced the idea that specific parts of the brain serve specific functions in the production of mental experience and behavior.
b) He helped convince people that humans are part of the natural world and can be analyzed in the same way as nonhuman species.
c) He was the first to conceptualize the mechanical control of movement as reflexes, or involuntary responses to stimuli.
d) He was the first to challenge the church’s view that the human soul could not be studied scientifically.
b) He helped convince people that humans are part of the natural world and can be analyzed in the same way as nonhuman species.
Suppose Dr. Schlesinger is investigating food aversions that some women develop while pregnant. She is particularly interested in the aversion to green vegetables and has hypothesized that this aversion has survival benefits, given that some plants can contain toxins harmful to developing fetuses. These research interests suggest that Dr. Schlesinger is most likely a(n):
a) developmental psychologist.
b) behavioral neuroscientist.
c) evolutionary psychologist.
d) learning psychologist.
c) evolutionary psychologist.
