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Psychology > Psychology Ch. 4 > Flashcards

Psychology Ch. 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Study’s mental, physical, and social changes throughout a lifetime.

A

Developmental Psychologists

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2
Q

List the three major issues in developmental psychology

A

Nature vs. Nurture, Continuity vs. Stages, and Stability vs. Change

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3
Q

Life begins at conception, how many chromosomes come together from the egg and sperm to make this happen?

A

23 pairs of chromosomes. (46 total)

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4
Q

1st Stage of prenatal development, from 0-2 weeks. Includes two weeks of rapid cell division. Ten days after conception it attaches to the uterine wall.

A

Zygote

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5
Q

2nd Stage of prenatal development, from 2-9 weeks. Organs begin to form and function, heartbeats begin.

A

Embryo

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6
Q

Organ through which nutrients and oxygen are delivered to a growing baby.

A

Placenta

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7
Q

Third stage of prenatal development, from 9wks to birth. By 14 weeks, the sex of the child can be identified.

A

Fetus

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8
Q

What is the age of viability?

A

24 weeks

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9
Q

Drugs, chemicals, viruses, hormones, or stress that causes harm to the unborn baby.

A

Teratogens

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10
Q

If a pregnant mother drinks a lot of alcohol, what is the baby at risk of developing?

A

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), or FASD, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder.

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11
Q

Characteristics of FAS and FASD?

A

Low birthweight, small disproportioned head, abnormal facial features, likely lower intelligence and brain abnormalities.

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12
Q

Unlearned responses triggered by a specific stimuli

A

Reflexes

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13
Q

Reflex in which a baby’s foot fans out when stroked from heel to toe

A

Babinski Reflex

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14
Q

Reflex that when startles, a baby’s arms will fly out then in very quickly.

A

Moro Reflex (AKA Startle reflex)

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15
Q

A baby’s reflex that when its cheek is stroked, the baby turns its head that direction and opens it’s mouth.

A

Rooting Reflex

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16
Q

Baby’s reflex to such an object placed in its mouth

A

Sucking Reflex

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17
Q

Baby’s reflex to grasp an object placed in its palm.

A

Palmar Reflex

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18
Q

Baby’s reflex (only in the first 8wks) that when help upright and moved forward, the baby will step rhythmically.

A

Stepping Reflex

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19
Q

After birth, the neural networks grow increasingly complex, forming what?

A

Billions of synapses

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20
Q

Orderly sequence of biological growth relatively uninfluenced by experiences

A

Maturation

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21
Q

The inability to remember the first few years of life due to incompletely formed neural networks.

A

Infantile Amnesia

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22
Q

All mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.

A

Cognition

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23
Q

A mental picture/mold that organizes our past experiences providing a framework for understanding our future experiences.

A

Schema

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24
Q

Interpreting new experiences in terms of existing schema.

A

Assimilation

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25
Q

Adapting current schema to incorporate new information

A

Accommodation

26
Q

Piaget Stage 1: From Birth to two years, experiences the world through senses and actions.

A

Sensorimotor

27
Q

Fear of strangers (after 8mo.)

A

Stranger Anxiety

28
Q

Awareness that objects exist even when not perceived in front of them (after 8mo.)

A

Object permanence

29
Q

Piaget Stage 2: 6/7 years, can represent things with words and images, but lacks logical thought

A

Preoperational

30
Q

Using symbolic thinking to pretend

A

Pretend Play

31
Q

Difficulty perceiving things from another’s POV

A

Egocentrism

32
Q

Piaget Stage 3: From about 7yrs-12years of age, can think logically about concrete events, begins math

A

Concrete operational

33
Q

Change in form, mass, volume doesn’t mean change in quantity

A

Conservation

34
Q

Piaget Stage 4: From 12yrs-adulthood, can think abstractly and has systematic reasoning

A

Formal Operational

35
Q

Reason about hypothetical problems, scientific reasoning.

A

Abstract Logic

36
Q

Thinking about ethical and social issues

A

Moral Reasoning

37
Q

Studied how children think and learn via their social environment.

A

Lev Vygotsky

38
Q

According to Vygotsky, Kids begin to think in words and use works to solve problems at what age?

A

About 7 years old.

39
Q

Muttering to oneself while solving a problem

A

Inner Speech

40
Q

What helps children control behavior, emotions, master new skills, and improve performance?

A

Self-Talk

41
Q

According to Vygotsky, a child’s mind develops through what?

A

Social Interactions

42
Q

A disorder that appears in childhood marked by significant deficiencies in communication, social interaction, grasping emotions of others, lacking in empathy, and by rigidly fixated interests and repetitive behaviors.

A

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

43
Q

A powerful survival impulse, keeping infants close to their caregivers

A

Attachment

44
Q

This man examined imprinting in geese- a critical period for certain animals.

A

Konrad Lorenz

45
Q

Optimal period when certain events must take place to facilitate proper development

A

Critical Period

46
Q

Who conducted that Strange Situation Experiment?

A

Mary Ainsworth

47
Q

Characteristics of secure attachment:

A

Baby explores new environment comfortably, when mom leaves the baby is distressed by can be consoled, when mom returns, the baby seeks contact with mom.

48
Q

Characteristics of Insecure attachment:

A

Baby is less likely to explore new surroundings and will stay with mom, when mom leaves the baby cannot be consoled, when mom returns, the baby is still upset and may ignore mom out of spite.

49
Q

Parenting style in which parents impose rules and expect obedience no questions asked. Children tend to have less social skills and low self-esteem.

A

Authoritarian Parenting

50
Q

Parenting style in which parents make few demands and give little punishment, indifferent vibes. Children tend to be aggressive and immature.

A

Permissive Parenting

51
Q

Parenting style in which parents are demanding yet responsive, open to discussion and allow exceptions. Children tend to have higher self-esteem, are self-reliant, and socially competent.

A

Authoritative Parenting

52
Q

This man focused on the development of moral reasoning.

A

Lawrence Kohlberg

53
Q

Erickson’s Stage 1: 0-1 yrs, in which if needs are met, infants develop trust.

A

Trust vs. Mistrust

54
Q

Erickson’s Stage 2: 1-3, in which infants experience independence with limits.

A

Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt

55
Q

Erickson’s Stage 3: 3-6, in which children try new thing and learn to handle failure.

A

Initiative vs. Guilt

56
Q

Erickson’s Stage 4: 6-11, in which children apply themselves to tasks or feel inadequate.

A

Competence vs Inferiority

57
Q

Erickson’s Stage 5: 12-20, in which young adults form a sense of self or becomes confused at who they are

A

Identity vs. Role-Confusion

58
Q

Erickson’s Stage 6: 20-40, in which adults develop relationships or feel isolated.

A

Intimacy vs. Isolation

59
Q

Erickson’s Stage 7: 40-60, in which adults contribute to the world , work, family, church, etc, or lack of purpose.

A

Generatively vs. Stagnation

60
Q

Erickson’s Stage 8: 60+, in which older adults reflect on life and either have satisfaction or regrets

A

Integrity vs. Despair

Psychology (6 decks)

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