Psychology Chapter 2

Question 1

In a car accident, a person sustained major trauma to his brain and the spinal cord region of his neck. Damage, in this case, was mainly to areas of the __________ nervous system.

Answer 1

central

Question 2

The soma is the part of the nerve cell that

Answer 2

collects and combines incoming information.

Question 3

The action potential is an all or nothing event that

Answer 3

is primarily an electrical process.

Question 4

An excess of dopamine has been linked with the development of which of the following?

Answer 4

schizophrenia

Question 5

The neurons of rats that are raised in a complex environment have more synapses and longer dendrites than rats raised in a simpler environment. These differences in the rats’ brains due to environmental experiences illustrate the brain’s

Answer 5

neuroplasticity.

Question 6

During practice, a football player experiences symptoms commonly associated with having a stroke. The coaches rush him to the hospital so that the doctors can view the structure of this player’s brain using a specialized X-ray technique known as a(n)

Answer 6

CT scan.

Question 7

Psychiatrist Daniel Langleben and his colleagues have used fMRI technology to tell if a person is lying. When a person was lying, the

Answer 7

front of the brain became more active.

Question 8

Which is more important in gauging the intelligence of humans versus other animals?

Answer 8

the size of the cerebral cortex

Question 9

If a triangle is flashed to a split brain patient’s right hemisphere, he will be able to

Answer 9

identify the triangle by touch with his right hand.

Question 10

After damage to Broca’s area, many women tend to regain more of their lost language abilities than men. This is because

Answer 10

women tend to use both hemispheres of the brain for language.

Question 11

An arch of tissue called the primary motor area directs the body’s muscles and is located at the rear of which lobes of the brain?

Answer 11

frontal

Question 12

Which of the following changes would you expect to occur in someone whose parietal lobes were damaged in an accident?

Answer 12

inability to sense hot and cold

Question 13

Which of the following changes would you expect to occur in someone whose temporal lobes were damaged in an accident?

Answer 13

reduced capacity to hear sounds

Question 14

The importance of socialization may have played a large role in the evolutionary specialization of an area of the occipital lobe for

Answer 14

facial recognition.

Question 15

Weeks after an automobile accident, a friend continues to have difficulty maintaining balance and coordinating movements. You should suspect that damage may have occurred to the

Answer 15

cerebellum.

Question 16

Unconscious fear produced by which part of the brain seems to explain why people who survive horrible experiences, such as a plane crash, can have debilitating fears years later?

Answer 16

amygdala

Question 17

Regarding the endocrine system, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Answer 17

Hormones secreted during times of high emotion tend to interfere with memory formation.

Question 18

Oversecretion of certain hormones in the _______ can lead to exaggerated male characteristics in males and females.

Answer 18

adrenal glands

Question 19

In Walter Mischel’s Marshmallow Test, what would be the response of a child who shows self-regulation?

Answer 19

The child would forego eating one marshmallow immediately in order to get two marshmallows later.

Question 20

Gerald is in college but his roommate isn’t. His roommate often goes out partying with their friends after work. Gerald is falling behind in his courses because he rarely turns down the invitation to go with them, even when he has a test the next day. This tendency has been called

Answer 20

the hot emotional system.