Psychology Chapter 3

Question 1

James has one brown-eye gene and one blue-eye gene. His wife Carolyn also has one brown-eye gene and one blue-eye gene. What is the chance that their child could have blue eyes?

Answer 1

one chance in four

Question 2

Regarding teratogens and birth defects, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Answer 2

Cystic fibrosis, PKU, and hemophilia are considered teratogens.

Question 3

Baby Michael has normal hearing, but both of his parents are deaf and use sign language to communicate. During Michael’s first year of life, they enroll him in day care in order for Michael to hear normal speech

Answer 3

because the first year is a sensitive period for language development.

Question 4

Rats that were raised in the enriched cage environments

Answer 4

were superior at learning mazes.

Question 5

Which of the following reflexes are related to feeding?

Answer 5

rooting and sucking reflexes

Question 6

During the first few days of life, infants exhibit all of the following behaviors EXCEPT for

Answer 6

paying more attention to a person looking away from them than a person who is gazing directly at them.

Question 7

Regarding the midlife crisis, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Answer 7

About a quarter of men and women believe they have experienced a midlife crisis

Question 8

Roger prays to God to let him live so he can become a missionary like he planned to become years ago. Roger is exhibiting which reaction to impending death?

Answer 8

bargaining

Question 9

Because she does not want to “spoil” her new baby, Theresa feeds and takes care of her baby’s physical needs when she thinks the baby needs the care, not when the baby cries to indicate his needs. If Theresa continues caring for the baby in this way, the baby is likely to develop

Answer 9

mistrust.

Question 10

Marshall has retired from his job and finds life very unsatisfying. As he reflects over his life, he sees himself as a failure and his life as a series of missed opportunities. Erikson would say that Marshall is experiencing

Answer 10

despair.

Question 11

Lee Ann is visibly upset when her mother leaves the room. When her mother returns after a few minutes of absence, Lee Ann rushes to greet her mother and hugs her mother’s legs. According to Mary Ainsworth’s research, Lee Ann is exhibiting which type of attachment?

Answer 11

securely attached

Question 12

Whenever Marcia misbehaves, her parents always explain why this behavior is harmful and undesirable. They also praise Marcia when she exhibits mature, responsible behavior, such as helping others. Marcia’s parents would be considered

Answer 12

authoritative

Question 13

According to Chomsky, children around the world use a limited number of patterns in their first sentences, which strongly suggests that language patterns must be

Answer 13

inborn.

Question 14

When Tania was in high school, all she had to do to make an A on a test was to study the printed notes for about 20 minutes. For her first test in college, Tania tried this same study technique and received a grade of F. After this experience, Tania took her instructor’s advice and began using reflective reading and the LISAN method for taking notes. This change in Marcia’s study technique illustrates

Answer 14

accommodation.

Question 15

Emma is shown a model of three mountains on a table. The researcher places a small house in front of one of the mountains such that it can be seen from her side of the table but not by one sitting on the other side of the table. A stuffed bear is placed in a chair on the other side of the table from Emma. Emma responds that the bear can see the house. Emma is showing

Answer 15

egocentrism.

Question 16

Noah is told a story using two dolls named Sally and Anne. Sally has a basket, while the Anne has a box. The experimenter explains that Sally puts a coin in her basket and goes out to play. In the meantime, Anne takes the coin from Sally’s basket and puts it into her box. Sally comes back inside and looks for the coin. The experimenter asks the child “Where will Sally look for her coin?” If the child says that Sally will look for her coin in her basket, the child is demonstrating that he or she has developed

Answer 16

theory of mind.

Question 17

Shania is helping her daughter Tina with her math homework, but rather than giving her the answer, Shania makes helpful suggestions that serve to guide Tina’s efforts. Vygotsky called this type of guidance

Answer 17

scaffolding.

Question 18

Jorge does not cheat on tests or copy other students’ work because he does not want to be suspended from school and receive a zero on his test or other schoolwork. If Jorge uses this type of moral reasoning in most situations, one could say that Jorge is exhibiting which level of moral development?

Answer 18

preconventional

Question 19

Some current research on morality focuses on the role of core beliefs in shaping moral values. Which moral value among those discussed in the book is illustrated in the situation below?

Hibo is thinks that her sister, Zuri, has done a terrible thing in marrying a man from another tribe. She is concerned because Zuri’s children will have “mixed blood”.

Answer 19

purity/sanctity

Question 20

Gentile suggested that in order to manage ethical challenges, a person should:

Answer 20

actively imagine possible ethical scenarios in detail.