Psychology final

Question 1

Fight or flight response

Answer 1

Activation of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system, allowing access to energy reserves and heightened sensory capacity so that we might fight off a given threat or run away to safety

Question 2

Type A personality

Answer 2

Behavior pattern where people are more aggressive and stuck in a chronic struggle to achieve more and more in less and less time

Question 3

Type B personality

Answer 3

A behavior pattern where people are more laid back and relaxed

Question 4

Stress

Answer 4

Process whereby an individual perceives and responds to events that one appraises as overwhelming and threatening to one’s well-being

Question 5

Eustress

Answer 5

Good form of stress; associated with positive feelings, as well as optimal health and performance

Question 6

General Adaptation Syndrome

Answer 6

Alarm reaction: Body’s immediate reaction upon facing a threatening situation or emergency; like fight or flight

Stage of resistance: Initial shock of alarm reaction has worn off, and the body has adapted to the stressor; still on high alert, but ready to respond with less intensity

Stage of exhaustion: Person is no longer able to adapt to stressor. Person is tired and immune system doesn’t function

Question 7

Psychological disorder

Answer 7

Condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

Question 8

Diagnostic and statistical manual

Answer 8

Authoritative index of mental disorders and the criteria for their diagnosis; published by the American Psychiatric Association

Question 9

Anxiety disorders

Answer 9

Characterized by excessive and persistent fear and anxiety, and related disturbances in behavior

Question 10

Panic disorder

Answer 10

Anxiety disorder characterized by unexpected panic attacks, along with at least one month of worry about panic attacks or self-defeating behavior related to the attacks

Question 11

Post traumatic stress disorder

Answer 11

People have experienced extremely stressful or traumatic events, such as combat, natural disasters, and crimes

Question 12

Bipolar disorder

Answer 12

Mood disorder characterized by mood states that vacillate between depression and mania

Question 13

Major depressive disorder

Answer 13

Characterized by sadness or loss of pleasure in usual activities as well as other symptoms

Question 14

Body dysmorphic disorder

Answer 14

Involves excessive preoccupation with an imagined defect in physical appearance

Question 15

Mood disorder

Answer 15

One of a group of disorders characterized by severe disturbances in mood and emotions

Question 16

Comorbidity

Answer 16

The co-occurrence of two disorders

Question 17

Social anxiety disorder

Answer 17

Extreme and persistent fear or anxiety and avoidance of social situations in which one could potentially be evaluated negatively by others

Question 18

Generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 18

Characterized by a continuous state of excessive uncontrollable and pointless worry and apprehension

Question 19

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Answer 19

Characterized by the tendency to experience intrusive and unwanted thoughts and urges and/or the need to engage in repetitive behavior or mental acts in response to the unwanted thoughts and urges

Question 20

Hoarding

Answer 20

A disorder where people can’t bear to part with personal possessions, regardless of how valueless or useless these possessions are

Question 21

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Answer 21

Childhood disorder characterized by deficits in social interactions and communication, and repetitive patterns of behavior or interests

Question 22

Specific phobias

Answer 22

Anxiety disorder characterized by excessive, distressing, and persistent fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation

Question 23

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Answer 23

Childhood disorder characterized by inattentiveness and/or hyperactive, impulsive behavior

Question 24

Schizophrenia

Answer 24

Severe disorder characterized by major disturbances in thought, perception, emotion, and behavior with symptoms that include hallucinations and delusions

Question 25

Borderline personality disorder

Answer 25

Characterized chiefly by instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and mood as well as marked impulsivity

Question 26

Dissociative identity disorder

Answer 26

Disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct, well-defined personalities or identities and experiences memory gaps for the time during which another identity emerged

Question 27

Antisocial personality disorder

Answer 27

Characterized by lack of regard for others rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds

Question 28

Psychodynamic psychotherapy

Answer 28

Talk therapy based on belief that the unconscious and childhood conflicts impact behavior

Question 29

Play therapy

Answer 29

Psychoanalytic therapy wherein interaction with toys is used instead of talk

Question 30

Behavior therapy

Answer 30

Principles of learning applied to change undesirable behaviors

Question 31

Cognitive therapy

Answer 31

Awareness of cognitive process helps patients eliminate thought patterns that lead to distress

Question 32

Cognitive-behavioral therapy

Answer 32

Work to change cognitive distortions and self-defeating behavior

Question 33

Humanistic therapy

Answer 33

Increased self-awareness and acceptance through focus on conscious thoughts

Question 34

Psychoanalysis

Answer 34

Therapists help their patients look into the past to uncover repressed feelings

Question 35

Free association

Answer 35

Patient relaxes and says what comes to mind at the moment

Question 36

Transference

Answer 36

Patient transfers all the positive and negative emotions associated with the patient's other relationships to the psychoanalyst

Question 37

Exposure therapy

Answer 37

Therapist seeks to treat client's fears or anxiety by presenting them with the object or situation that causes their problem

Question 38

Antipsychotics

Answer 38

Medication to treat positive psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and paranoia by blocking dopamine

Question 39

Applied behavior analysis

Answer 39

Operant conditioning technique designed to reinforce positive behaviors and punish unwanted behavior

Question 40

Cultural competence

Answer 40

Therapists must understand and address issues of race, culture, and ethnicity

Question 41

Non-directive therapy

Answer 41

Therapist doesn't give advice but helps client identify conflicts and understand feelings

Question 42

Antidepressants

Answer 42

Medication to alter levels of serotonin and norepinephrine

Question 43

Anti-anxiety agents

Answer 43

Medication used to depress central nervous system activation

Question 44

Group therapy

Answer 44

A therapist meets together with several clients with similar problems

Question 45

Relapse

Answer 45

Individuals return to abusing drugs and/or alcohol after a period of improvement