Psychology History

Question 1

Define

Nativism

Answer 1

The belief that certain types of knowledge is innate

Question 2

Who?

Who was a nativist?

Answer 2

Plato

Question 3

Define

Philosophical Empiricism

Answer 3

The belief that knowledge is acquired through experience

Question 4

Who

Who was a philosophical empiricist?

Answer 4

Aristotle

Question 5

Define

Dualism

Answer 5

The view that the body and mind exist as separate entities.

This form of dualism or duality proposes that the mind controls the body

Question 6

Define

Structuralism

Answer 6

a theory of consciousness that seeks to analyze the elements of mental experiences, such as sensations, mental images, and feelings, and how these elements combine to form more complex experiences.

raw sensory experience and not the interpretation of it

Question 7

Define

Functionalism

Answer 7

psychological framework that focuses on how mental processes and behaviors serve adaptive functions in the environment.

emphasizes the adaptive value & purpose of mental processes & behaviors

Question 8

Define

Humanistic Psychology

Answer 8

The study of the whole person and the uniqueness of each individual.

It rejects the deterministic and dehumanizing assumptions of behaviorism

https://www.simplypsychology.org/humanistic.html

Question 9

Define

Behaviorism

Answer 9

study that emphasizes the role of learning and observable behaviors in understanding human and animal actions.

Question 10

Define

Cognitive Psychology

Answer 10

The scientific study of mental processes such as attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, creativity, and reasoning.

the mind as an information processor.

How we take in information from the outside world, and how we make sense of that information.

Question 11

Define

Evolutionary Psychology

Answer 11

The study of the ways in which the mind was shaped by pressures to survive and reproduce.

Question 12

Define

Social Psychology

Answer 12

The scientific study of how people’s thoughts, feelings, beliefs, intentions, and goals are influenced by others and the social context.

https://www.simplypsychology.org/social-psychology.html

Question 13

List

What are Freudian ideas that still exist in psychology today?

Answer 13

1. the importance of childhood experiences in adult motivations
2. the role of unconscious versus conscious motivations in driving our behavior
3. the fact that motivations can cause conflicts that affect behavior
4. the effects of mental representations of ourselves and others in guiding our interactions
5. the development of personality over time

Question 14

Define

Gestalt

Answer 14

Whole

(rough translation)

Question 15

Define

Gestalt Psychology

Answer 15

A theory that recognizes how the parts of a sensory experience relate to each other as a whole is often what the individual responds to in perception although that sensory experience can be broken down into individual parts.

Influential in Germany rather than the United States

Gestalt principles influence research on sensation and perception

Question 16

Define

Determinism

Answer 16

All actions are driven by the unconscious.

Question 17

Define

Unconditional positive regard

Answer 17

Acceptance of client for who they are, no matter what they might say.

Question 18

Who?

Who is accredited with the technique of client-centered therapy?

Answer 18

Carl Rogers
(1902-1987)

Question 19

List

What three elements did Carl Rogers mention that made client-centered therapy effective?

Answer 19

1. Unconditional positive regard
2. Genuineness (authenticity)
3. Empathy

Question 20

Who?

Who are the most well-known humanistic psychologists?

Answer 20

1. Abraham Maslow
2. Carl Rogers

Question 21

Define

WEIRD (society)

Answer 21

An acronomy for western, educated, industrialized, rich, democratic