Psychology: Learning

Question 1

Learning

Answer 1

The acquisition of knowledge, skill, attitudes, or understanding as a result of experience.

Question 2

Classical conditioning

Answer 2

Includes 2 different stimuli & the subject learns that 1 of those stimuli is often followed by the other.

Question 3

Operant Conditioning

Answer 3

A learning method that uses rewards & punishments to modify voluntary behaviors.

Question 4

Observational Learning

Answer 4

A social learning process where people learn new skills, behaviors, or attitudes by observing & intimating others.

Question 5

Stimulus

Answer 5

In the context of learning, a sensory event that an individual can detect.

Question 6

UCS

Answer 6

Unconditioned stimulus

Question 7

UCR

Answer 7

Unconditioned response

Question 8

NS/CS

Answer 8

Conditioned stimulus

Question 9

CR

Answer 9

Conditioned response

Question 10

Stimulus

Answer 10

Cause

Question 11

Response

Answer 11

Effect (behavior)

Question 12

Unconditioned

Answer 12

Doesn’t have to be learned - innate or natural

Question 13

Conditional

Answer 13

Has to be learned

Question 14

Antecedent & behavior

Answer 14

Classical conditioning

Question 15

Behavior & Consequence

Answer 15

Operant conditioning

Question 16

Law of Effect

Answer 16

Behaviors that have a pleasant outcome, are more likely to be repeated.

Behaviors that have an unpleasant outcome, are less likely to be repeated.

Question 17

Reinforcement

Answer 17

Goal is to increase likelihood of behavior.

Question 18

Punishment

Answer 18

Goal is to decrease likelihood of behavior.

Question 19

Positive

Answer 19

Addition of something.

Question 20

Negative

Answer 20

Subtraction of something.

Question 21

Positive Reinforcement

Answer 21

Introduce something PLEASANT to increase behavior.

Question 22

Negative Reinforcement

Answer 22

Take away something UNPLEASANT to increase behavior.

Question 23

Positive Punishment

Answer 23

Introduce something UNPLEASANT to decrease a behavior.

Question 24

Negative Punishment

Answer 24

Take away something PLEASANT to decrease a behavior.

Question 25

Reinforcement

Answer 25

Create a favorable condition.

Question 26

Punishment

Answer 26

Create a unfavorable condition.

Question 27

Fixed Interval

Answer 27

Unchanging amount of time (how long?) Reinforcement given after a fixed period of time if action is completed.

Question 28

Variable Interval

Answer 28

Changing amount of time (how long?) Reinforcement given after varying periods of time if action is completed.

Question 29

Fixed Ratio

Answer 29

Set number of actions (how many?) Reinforcement given after action completed a fixed amount of times.

Question 30

Variable Ratio

Answer 30

Changing # of actions (how many?) Reinforcement given after action completed a varying amount of times.