Psychology Paper 3 Aggression Flashcards

Question

Frustration aggression hypothesis A03?

Answer 1

Aggression is not an automatic consequence of frustration - people will respond with aggression if it has been used to deal with something before Lacks supporting evidence - evidence from bushman suggests if someone is aggressive they would stay aggressive due to the frustration Aggression not always caused by frustration - other factors such as temperature are supported by evidence that baseball players are more aggressive in hot conditions Frustration has real life application to mass killings such as Nazi Germany which blamed jews as a scapegoat for economic problems Research support through football hooliganism and losing as a team

Answer 2

72 children around 3-5 years old divided into 36 boys and girls put into 3 groups of 12 Group 1 was aggressive, Group 2 was peaceful and group 3 had not adult Children moved into room with toys and settled with an adult then moved to the waiting room which also had toys inside The children observed how the adult played with the bobo doll Found that if the adult was aggressive it resulted in the children imitating the adults actions towards the bobo doll compared to the other conditions. Imitation increased if the adult was the same gender

Answer 3

Fails to explain how biology can affect aggression in children supporting evidence - In 200 hockey games the top players were more likely to be aggressive as they had aggressive models who were punished less Behaviourally deterministic - assumes observed behaviour will always be imitated and learned Helps us explain why children may copy through real life application e.g. Jamie Bulger Murder Other researchers argue imitation is not the only factors but rather frustration Helpful in explaining differences in aggressive behaviour e.g. aggression with friends compared to school Can explain cultural differences of aggression through tribes that are not aggressive Has been helpful in identifying aggressive role models for children

Answer 4

Children learn aggression through observation of their role model doing aggressive actions which results in them imitating the actions to identify with the parental figure. The child observes the consequences and rewards through vicarious reinforcement and how they conduct themselves so they internalise when and why to be aggressive.

Answer 5

Aggression has to be maintained through direct experience e.g. if bullying is successful it will be repeated Self efficacy expectancies - Confidence in the ability to perform the action

Answer 6

Attention - Learner pays attention to model behaviour Retention - Learner remembers model behaviour Reproduction - learner must be capable of performing this behaviour Motivation - reason to carry out the behaviour

Answer 7

Point at which inner restraints are lost when a person loses their identity of them as a person which causes aggression in big groups as you are more likely to be anonymous

Answer 8

Participants are randomly assigned prisoner and police guard who wore glasses and uniforms while prisoners were given a number and a jumpsuit People started to deindividuate and turn into their role models which resulted in guards abusing their power on the prisoners

Answer 9

Public - How much we care about others through our behaviour and whether or not it is anonymous or not Private - how we pay attention to our area around us and our emotions

Answer 10

Gender differences - shows when deindividuated females are less likely to respond aggressively compared to men as men are more likely to be provoked into extreme aggression Anonymity and deindividuation - Rehm et al found that if ppts wore uniforms at handball matches it would increase deindividuation aggression Real world application - football hooliganism and suicide crowds Cultural differences - tribes in brazil that put on face paint were more likely to be aggressive

Answer 11

Importation - prison inmates take their violent tendencies into prison which causes aggression within the prison Deprivation - Inmates start to become aggressive due to lack of freedom and rights which makes them highly stressed

Answer 12

Overcrowding Extreme temperatures Noisy environments Job burnout/boredom Lack of freedom and rights

Answer 13

Belief that toughness and physical exploitation is essential survival Gang membership "Code of the streets" Impulsive aggression or anti social personality (Dispositional) Low self control (Dispositional)

Answer 14

Supporting research for the Importation model show that code of the streets found in gang culture influenced prison violence especially those with lack of family support Evidence shows challenges to the importation model - Gang members were not more likely to commit violent acts and were less likely to be violent if separated from other gang members Supporting research for the deprivation model - Found that overcrowded, hot and noisy prisons are more likely to increase the rate of assault according to a meta analysis Challenging evidence found that aggression usually increases for the factors of race, age and history rather than prison conditions Real life application - HMP woodhill prison found that decreasing the noise, heat and overcrowding significantly reduced the assaults

Answer 15

If we are shown violent content frequently our sympathetic nervous system gets used to it and creates less body changes, it also makes us more likely to accept aggressive behaviours

Answer 16

When we are exposed to violence frequently we start to see it as normal which changes our norms where we see violence as acceptable If it is immediate e.g. getting angry at a game we see aggression as acceptable for a short time Longer term is where we are exposed for a long time which makes it more acceptable to show aggression due to lack of guilt and lack of concern

Answer 17

When we observe aggression frequently we are more likely to become primed to become aggressive as we think we know how to deal with the situation

Answer 18

Participants either watch a sexually violent film or a non sexually violent film then they watch a rape trial take place Those who watch sexually violent films show less sympathy and more likely to accept rape myths and sexual aggression

Answer 19

Research support from Krahe shows that people who watch violent film clips are less likely to be aroused and therefore more likely to act out in aggression More research support shows those that play computer games become psychologically desensitised to real violence if they played games for 20mins and watched violence for 10mins Bushman and anderson found that desensitisation is good and bad for soldiers in war as they are more effective in their role however they are less helpful in helping others

Answer 20

Supporting research shows that those who participated in a shock test study would shock the confederates for longer if it was seen as justified and acceptable Depends on other factors such as how the child was nurtured against violence or how young the child is and how they are easily influenced by violent media supporting evidence shows that disinhibition is more likely to happen if the person does not see the consequences - boxing match with 2 alternate endings where one ending was negative which would lower disinhibtion

Answer 21

Male participants who listen to aggressive song lyrics towards women are more likely to be more aggressive towards a female confederate than those who listened to neutral lyrics

Answer 22

Support from bushman shows that when participants watched an aggressive 15 minute video they reacted faster and became cognitively primed to more aggressive words compared to those that didnt watch the aggressive video Priming is less likely to happen with less aggressive forms of media that are less realistic

Answer 23

Violent media only reports small to medium effect sizes in influencing aggression however media violence and aggression towards another person has a relationship of zero Gender biased towards males Aggression is simple to ask about however it is very complex to explain Culture bias Nurture side of the argument Ferguson found that when there was other causal variables when studying media aggression the effect of media disappeared once other traits like family history and mental health were involved Media aggression studies lack ecological and temporal valdity as it cant measure long term effects of aggression as it has no real life aggression involved Frustration from difficulty of a game can also influence aggression as those who struggled with games became angry even if it was non violent

Psychology Paper 3 Aggression Flashcards

(47 cards)