Psychology Research Methods Flashcards

Question

What is a participant and non participant observation?

Answer 1

Participant - Researcher becomes one with the participant group Non participant - Does not take part in situation being observed

Answer 2

Primary - Data that is first collected by you through research Secondary - Data already collected by a separate entity

Answer 3

Data is continuous therefore the bars should be together

Answer 4

Bars are seperate to compare categories of data

Answer 5

a graph that is used to find a relationship between two categories of data

Answer 6

Mean - statistical average, add up all scores and divide by total amount of scores Median - middle value of data set, putting them in order and finding the middle score, if there are 2 middle scores then add them together and divide by 2 Mode - Most frequent number

Answer 7

A graph where the values are spread across around the mean, most powerful as it takes all measurements into account

Answer 8

variable in a correlation

Answer 9

Tells strength (how close is it to 1) and direction (+ or -) of a correlation in a graph

Answer 10

step 1 - convert data to nominal data by + - or = e.g. 100-122 is negative step 2 - Total up the + and - then disregard the = step 3 - identify calculated value that is the least frequent sign known as S step 4 - compare S value to critical value table, find out if the hypothesis is non directional or one directional, remember accepted level of probability which is 0.05

Answer 11

Same participants used in both conditions (order effect)

Answer 12

Participants allocated to different groups representing seperate conditions (cant control variables in participants)

Answer 13

participants are closely matched and placed into certain conditions. (time consuming)

Answer 14

Order effects are where you perform better or know more about an experiment as you have experienced and practiced it before. This can be seen in repeated measures experimental design. Order effects can be managed through counterbalancing to create equal effect in both conditions by changing those conditions. This can be done by switching the order of the conditions done.

Answer 15

Participants are sampled when they are available such as a person who is not at work.

Answer 16

Sample where participants are randomly grabbed usually to fill a quota of a target population

Answer 17

Selecting participants based on a subgroup of characteristics e.g. age or gender.

Answer 18

Collecting every nth person to avoid bias in a target population e.g. 5th 15th 25th 35th

Answer 19

A sample where participants actively volunteer for your research. This is usually done if theyre interested or if they are going to be rewarded.

Answer 20

Systematic distortion in the collection of participants which is usually done based on judgement which lowers generalisability and representiveness.

Answer 21

Applying findings of a study to the general population making an assumption of the population.

Answer 22

accuracy of data within the experiment

Answer 23

How accurate research is outside of research

Answer 24

ecological - how accurate it is to social environments Population - How accurate it is to views of the general population. Temporal - How accurate it is to the current time period

Answer 25

Cues from investigator to encourage certain behaviour

Answer 26

Behaviour that is thought to be demanded so you can be helpful to the researcher

Answer 27

Giving answers desirable by the researcher

Answer 28

Single blind procedure - Patients are unaware of the test being conducted Double Blind procedure - Participants and researcher unaware of the test being conducted

Answer 29

Small scale study done to find problems with experimental design, instructions and the methods, can also check for ethical issues.

Answer 30

Deception, protection from harm, confidentiality, right to withdraw data and privacy

Answer 31

Deception - Debriefing Protection from harm - Stop study and compensate the participant and give them help. Right to Withdraw - Inform participant at the start, middle and end of study to withdraw data if needed. informed consent - Fully explain research intentions Privacy/confidentiality - Avoid using names in study, dont study unless there is informed consent.

Answer 32

Time sample - recording behaviours in a given time frame Event - recording behaviours during a certain event

Answer 33

Time - less time consuming due to less observation however it may not be representative of target population. Event - Useful in recording occasional behaviour however certain behaviours may be too hard to record, also time consuming.

Answer 34

Observations - use multiple observers and record evidence for inter-observer reliability. Can be fixed if categories are operationalised Self report techniques - test retest, reduce ambiguity of questions Experiments - test retest or blind procedures

Answer 35

used to assess reliability of questionairres by assessing someone on two seperate occasions.

Answer 36

whether the measure is determined to measure what it is supposed to measure.

Answer 37

extent to which a psychological measure relates to an existing similar measure

Answer 38

1) what data will you select 2) how you code your data e.g. behavioural categories 3) how is the data represented e.g. is it numerical or worded

Answer 39

Data where something is named e.g. gender such as male or female

Answer 40

Data where behaviour is ranked and categorised

Answer 41

Data which is continous and the difference is standardised and meaningful

Answer 42

Use of controlled, objective, quantitative observation to prove a theory

Answer 43

When research is free from bias or personal opinion and is not subjective.

Answer 44

Are the results reliable and will you get the same answer if done again

Answer 45

Whether an experiment can be proven false, is testable and can be measured objectively.

Answer 46

When there has been massive changes in a concept or experimental method.

Psychology Research Methods Flashcards

(70 cards)