psychology part 1 Flashcards
(13 cards)
Damage to the limbic system
hippocampus: Bilateral damage results in anterograde amnesia
Damage to posterior hypothalamus, mammillary bodies and terminal portions of fornices gives rise to Korsakoff type of memory deficit.
Eysenck’s Biological Trait theory (1990)
He concluded that there are three basic factors or dimensions that can be used to describe personality
P for Psychoticism: attributes such as coldness , odd, rejection of social customs
E for Extraversion
Emotional stability →
Neuroticism - moodiness, restlessness , worry and anxiety
Cattell’s factor- Analytic Approach
Was trying to find certain factors that relate to one another. Was trying to understand the dimensions and relations between human abilities. For example there is a relationship between exercise and blood pressure, so cattell was trying to find the relationship between three different factors, they are
1. Life data
2. Experimental data
3. Questionare data
IN doing so he narrowed down to 16 personality traits
Allports trait theory (1937)
Believed that personality is determined by biology, and then it is shaped by the environment.
Systematic Desensitisation (Joseph Wolpe 1958)
Involves three stages
- Teaching patient relaxation ( progressive relaxation technique)
- A hierarchy of anxiety provoking situations (desensitisation hierarchy)
- Presenting the phobic items in a graded way
Contact desensitisation
Does not involve relaxation
Goes through graded hierarchy of phobia
Based on extinction rather than using relaxation techniques as the controlled response
Modelling
modelling involves assertive training and social skills
Its a theory where someone is copying or modelling someones, or good behaviour.
Aversive Conditioning
Uses classical conditioning , where you introduce a controlled stimulus that will stop the patient from wanting to perform that behavior again
Leading to a physical or psychological discomfort
E.g. ANTABUSE
What is Biofeedback?
Biofeedback is the process of gaining greater awareness of many physiological functions primarily using instruments that provide information on the activity of those same systems, with a goal of being able to manipulate them at will
Contingency management
Regulated behaviour with reinforcement
Controls behaviour with the consequence of reinforcement
E.g token economy
Aim is to improve self-reliance and responsibility
Utilise Premack’s principle
states that more probable behaviors will reinforce less probable behaviors
E.g. first take a shower then you can have an ice cream
Cognitive Distortions
Arbitrary interference- conclusions have no inference
Overgeneralization- conclusion based on a single incident
Selective Abstraction - from a situation the patient picks up on one single event
Personalisation - relating external events to ones on self
Magnification/Minimization - errors in evaluating the situation
Dichotomous reasoning - all or nothing thinking
Specific techniques to adress cognitive distortions
Monitor automatic reasoning
Recognise how these influence - cognition, affect and behaviour
To examine evidence for and against distorted automatic thoughts
To substitute more reality based interpretations
To learn to identify and later dysfunctional schemata
