Psychology/Sociology Chapter 6: Emotion, Stress, Memory, and Learning Flashcards
(43 cards)
James Langer Theory of emotion
asserts that emotions start from the body (physiological arousal) and that those bodily sensations cause our emotions.
Source Monitoring
refers to a subject’s ability to retrieve the details of the situation extant when memory items were encoded. More specifically, when some additional information is introduced after the original encoding, this post-event information can be mistakenly included in recall of the original event, leading to a misinformation effect.
Spreading activation theory
suggests that, when the representation of a concept is activated in memory, the activation spreads to concepts that are semantically or associatively related to it. Thus, people often retrieve unpresented members of a category when tested on their memory for a series of presented concepts from that category.
Misinformation effects
refer to memory errors (usually errors of commission), in which some information introduced and encoded after the target information is retrieved along with some portions of the target information. In such cases, the subject usually has trouble identifying which retrieved information had been originally encoded and which information was introduced subsequently, a situation known as source confusion.
The reticular formation (RF)
deep in the brainstem, is concerned with functions involving arousal, particularly the sleep-wake cycle, and attention.
Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
an organism’s stress response always follows a similar course, regardless of the exact nature of the stressor.
Classical Conditioning Vs Operant Conditioning
Classical conditioning = Pavlov’s dogs (conditioned stimulus and response)
Operant conditioning = reinforcement and punishment
Cannon-Bard theory of emotion
asserts that the physiological arousal and the subjective feeling of an emotion arise from different parts of the brain and are separate and independent of one another
key is SIMULTANEOUS
reducing the prompts in operant conditioning is called what
fading
reducing the frequency of reward in operation conditioning is called what
thinning
retrograde amnesia
describes the inability to remember previous events
anterograde amnesia
refers to the inability to form new memories.
Unconditioned stimulus elicits an
automatic response. Always elicits the unconditioned response
Conditioned stimulis
is typically neutral
generalization
is a concept in classical conditioning where additional stimuli elicit the same conditioned response
General Adaption Syndrome
Describe chronic stress leading to burn out
7 Universal Emotions
resource model of attention
asserts that people can pay attention to multiple stimuli if the brain has sufficient resources available and it does not shift resources to the unimportant task (i.e., the music). Task switching costs occur when performance on a task suffers due to the increased effort added in shifting attention.
Echoic memory vs iconic memory
Echoic = auditory memory
Iconic = visual memory
Difference between fixed ratio and fixed interval
Fixed ratio (FR) is set-based, while fixed interval (FI) is time-based.
Escape vs avoidance learning
Escape learning is a reaction to terminate an ongoing, unpleasant stimulus. Avoidance learning is when a signal is given before the unpleasant stimulus, allowing you to avoid the situation.
Shadowing
Immediate repetition (recognition-based learning)
punishment
is intended to discourage a behavior from being repeated
posits that emotions are based on a physiological stimulus which the mind then puts into a particular context. Processing the context of the stimulus creates the emotion experienced.
Schachter-Singer
