Psychopathology

Question 1

What’s an obsessional thought?

Answer 1

Intrusive thought/feeling

Question 2

What’s compulsion?

Answer 2

Performing ritual/behaviour

Question 3

4 definitions of abnormality

Answer 3

1 deviation from social norms
2 deviation from ideal mental health
3 failure to function adequately
4 statistical infrequency

Question 4

Notes on deviation from social norms

Answer 4

• explicit (written rules) e.g. laws
•implicit (unwritten rules) e.g. expectations

Question 5

SEARAP for deviation from ideal mental health

Answer 5

Self-actualisation
Environmental mastery
Accurate perception of reality
Resistance to stress
Autonomy
Positive self-esteem

Question 6

UUMVOID for failure to function adequately

Answer 6

Unpredictability
Unconventiality
Maladaptiveness
Violation of ideal standards
Observer discomfort
Irrationality
Distress (personal)

Question 7

How is statistical infrequency measured?

Answer 7

IQ test

Question 8

2 forms of CBT treatment for depression

Answer 8

Cognitive and behavioural

Question 9

How to treat depression (CBT cognitive)

Answer 9

By identifying and altering the faulty or irrational thinking process effecting the client

Question 10

How to treat depression (CBT behavioural)

Answer 10

Identifying and altering the dis functional behaviour leading to depression

Question 11

Techniques to treat depression
(CBT behavioural)

Answer 11

• behavioural activation - find things client used to like doing and overcome thoughts that stop them from doing it
• graded homework assignment - increasingly challenging new ways of thinking & behaving
• thought catching - diary or thoughts & therapist challenges
• challenge negative thinking - ask questions which challenges client’s negative thoughts

Question 12

Ellis’ Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (ABC-DE)

Answer 12

(A) action occurs
(B) beliefs
(C) consequences
(D) disrupting irrational thoughts
(E) expected - new beliefs emerged

Question 13

3 steps of systematic desensitisation

Answer 13

• train client to relax
• hierarchy of fear
• gradual exposure

Question 14

How long does systematic desensitisation usually take?

Answer 14

6-8 sessions

Question 15

What is flooding?

Answer 15

Massive exposure to phobia with no opportunity to escape. Overwhelming clients senses with phobia.
No relaxation techniques.

Question 16

What is vivo exposure?

Answer 16

(Flooding)
Client physically faced with phobia

Question 17

What is virtual reality flooding?

Answer 17

(Flooding)
Virtually faced with phobia

Question 18

Pros of flooding

Answer 18

• quick
• cost effective
• not unethical - informed consent

Question 19

Cons of flooding

Answer 19

• not suitable for all ages
• causes high levels of fear
• traumatic for patients

Question 20

Pros of systematic desensitisation

Answer 20

• most proven effective technique
• suitable for diverse range of patients
• doesn’t cause much trauma

Question 21

Cons of systematic desensitisation

Answer 21

• takes longer
• costs more
• doesn’t work with all types of phobias

Question 22

2 antidepressant drugs that see for OCD

Answer 22

SSRI and SRI

Question 23

2 anti-anxiety drugs used for OCD

Answer 23

BZs and Beta Blockers

Question 24

Outline SSRIs

Answer 24

• most common treatment for OCD
• 4 weeks to kick in
• increases serotonin (worry circuit)

Question 25

Outline SRIs

Answer 25

• non selective
• increases action of serotonin & non-adrenaline
• stronger than SSRI
• more side effects than SSRI

Question 26

Outline BZs

Answer 26

• strongest drugs for OCD
• addictive illegally and legally
• increases GABA

Question 27

Outline Beta Blockers

Answer 27

• reduce heart rate
• blocks adrenaline from heart
• keeps nerves down