Psychopathology: Cognitive approach to explaining depression Flashcards
(16 cards)
What are 3 symptoms of depression??
- Sleeping too much
- Low self-esteem
- Negative patterns of thinking
What year was Beck’s cognitive theory of depression??
1967
What is Beck’s cognitive theory of depression??
Person’s cognitions are what makes them more vulnerable to depression.
3 parts of this cognitive vulnerability:
- Faulty information processing
- Negative self-schemas
- The negative triad
What’s faulty information processing??
Attending to negative aspects of the situation and not the positive. Blowing small problems out of proportion to think in black-and-white terms.
What are negative self-schemas??
Negatively interpret information about ourselves. Makes someone only think negatively of themselves.
Could be caused by events (like rejection from a job).
What’s the negative triad??
Personal develops dysfunctional view of themselves with 3 types of thinking that occur automatically.
- Negative view of the world (“the world is a cruel place’)
- Negative view of the future (“I will never be happy’)
- Negative view of oneself
What’s cognitive bias??
Focusing on negative information and ignoring the positive!
What are the 3 evaluation points for Beck’s cognitive theory of depression??
- Grazioli & Terry (2000)
- Clark & Beck (1999)
- Extreme emotions
What was Grazioli & Terry’s (2000) study?? (AO3 for Beck)
Assessed 65 pregnant women for cognitive vulnerability & depression before birth
Found high cognitive vulnerability more likely to suffer post-natal depression
What did Clark & Beck (1999) do?? (AO3 for Beck)
Found strong evidence supporting cognitive vulnerability factors
Expand on the evaluation point that Beck’s cognitive theory of depression doesn’t explain extreme emotions! (AO3 for Beck)
Jerett (2013):
Some sufferers of depression suffer from hallucinations & bizarre beliefs. very rarely they suffer from Cotard’s syndrome (belief they’re zombies)
These are extreme emotions that Beck doesn’t explain.
When did Ellis design the ABC model??
1962
What did Ellis (1962) state??
Good mental health is a result of rational thinking (ways of thinking that allow people to be happy & pain free)
What is Ellis’ ABC model??
A -> Activating event
B -> Belief
C -> Consequence
What are the 2 evaluation points for Ellis’ ABC model??
- Lipsky et al (1980)
- A partial explanation (called reactive depression & seen as different than that of which arises without an obvious cause)
What did Lipsky et al (1980) state?? (AO3 for Ellis)
By challenging irrational, negative beliefs, a person can reduce their depression. Supported by research evidence.
Application to CBT
