psychopharamacology Flashcards
(26 cards)
Acetylcholine
Cholinergic neurotransmitter
-increased in depression
-decreased in Alzheimer’s
Antipsychotics
block dopamine
Treat psychotic symptoms
-delusions, hallucinations
Antispychotic side effects
Pseudoparkinsonism, akathisia, acute dystonic reactions, tardive dyskinesia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome
MAOIs
Break down monoamines (ex. norepinephrine)
- excess tyramine w/ medication causes hypertensive crisis
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
potentially fatal
- Muscle rigidity, tremor, diaphoresis, hypertension, tachycardia, hyperexia, incontinence
NMS treatment
discontinuation of medications, transfer to ICU, treat autonomic dysfunctions
Norepinephrine
Monoamine
-increased in schizophrenia, mania, anxiety, decreased in depression
Pseudoparkinsonism
body destroys ability to move dopamine
- masklike face, stiff & stooped posture, shuffling gait, drooling
- treat w/ diphenhydramine
Akatisia
Inner restlessness, rocking, tapping foot, pacing, cannot fix ROM
- treat w/ diphenhydramine, propranolol, benzodiazepine
Anticholinergic
Blocks acetylcholine from attaching to receptor
- blocks rest & digest
Antidepressants
decreases levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, & dopamine
- 4 to 6 weeks of treatment to reach normal levels
Dopamine
Monoamine
- increased in schizophrenia & maina
- decreased in depression
y-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
decreased in anxiety, mania, and schizophrenia
Tardive dyskinesia
Constant movement, tongue thrusting or lip smacking
- discontinue medication
Serotonin syndrome
SSRI side effects
- high fever, high BP & HR, agitation
- caused by over stimulation of serotonin receptors (MAOI & SSRI interactions)
Acute dystonic reactions
pt. frozen in pain by acute contractions of tongue, face, neck & back
- emergency treatment of diphenhydramine
Clozapine side effect
agranulocytosis
- fever, malaise, ulcerative sore throat, leukopenia
SSRI side effects
anxiety, agitation, akathisia, nausea, insomnia, sexual dysfunction, weight gain
MAOI side effects
daytime sedation, insomnia, weight gain, dry mouth, orthostatic hypotension, sexual dysfunction
- hypertensive crisis caused by interaction w/ tyramine (hypertension, hyperpyrexia, tachycardia, diaphoresis, tremulousness, cardia dysrhythmias)
Tricyclic side effects
anticholinergic effects
- dry mouth, constipation, urinary hesitancy or retention, dry nasal passages, blurred vision
severe
- agitation, delirium, ileus (older adults)
- weight gain, orthostatic hypotension, sedation, tachycardia
Mood stabilizers
treatment for bipolar disorder
- lithium
- reuptake of serotonin, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, dopamine
anticonvulsants
- carbamazepine, valproic acid, lamotrigine, gabapentin, topiramate, oxcarbazepine
Mood-stabilizer side effects
lithium therapy
- diarrhea, anorexia, fine hand tremor, polydipsia, polyuria, metallic taste in mouth, fatigue or lethargy, weight gain and acne (later)
lithium toxicity
- severe, diarrhea, vomiting, drowsiness, muscle weakness, lack of coordination
carbamazepine & valproic acid
- dry mouth, blurred vision, drowsiness, sedation, rases, orthostatic hypotension, hand tremor, weight gain
anxiolytics
treat anxiety & insomnia
- benzodiazepines
mediate GABA
Anxiolytic side effects
Bezos
- dependence ( tapering)
- drowsiness, sedation, poor coordination, impaired memory, clouded sensorium
