Psychopharm

Question 1

Mechanisms of action for:
1. Beta blocker
2. Traditional antipsychotic
3. Atypical antipsychotic
4. Tricyclic antidepressants
5. MAOIs
6. Newer antidepressants
7. Sedative-hypnotics

Answer 1

1. Decrease norepinephrine & epinephrine (blocks receptors)
2. Decrease dopamine (blocks receptors)
3. Decrease dopamine, serotonin, glutamate (blocks receptors)
4. Increase norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin (blocks reuptake)
5. Increase norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin (inhibits enzyme that breaks them down)
6. NDRIs (increase norepinephrine and dopamine), SNRIs (increase serotonin and norepinephrine)
7. Increases GABA (mimics GABA): includes barbiturates, alcohol, and anxiolytics (benzodiazepines)

Question 2

What dx associated with dopamine?

Answer 2

Too little: Depression, Parkinson’s
Too much: Schizophrenia, Tourette’s

Question 3

What dx associated with serotonin?

Answer 3

Too little: Depression, mania, anxiety, bulimia
Too much: Schizophrenia, anorexia (food restriction decreases serotonin –> relief)

Question 4

What dx associated with epinephrine?

Answer 4

Too little: Depression

Question 5

What dx associated with GABA?

Answer 5

“Abnormal levels:” Parkinson’s, epilepsy, sleep dx
Too litte: anxiety, Huntington’s

Question 6

What dx associated with glutamate?

Answer 6

Too much: TBI, Huntington’s, Alzheimer’s
Alcohol inhibits glutamate

Question 7

What dx asscoiated with acetylcholine?

Answer 7

Too much: Depression
Too little: dementia, Alzheimer’s

Question 8

Fx of parietal and temporal lobe

Answer 8

Parietal: Reading and calculation, tactile, senses
Temporal: memory, language, auditory

Question 9

What part of the brain is the SCN?

Answer 9

Hypothalamus

Question 10

Structures in hindbrain

Answer 10

medulla, pons, cerebellum

Question 11

Structures in midbrain

Answer 11

Substantia nigra, RAS

Question 12

Structures in forebrain

Answer 12

Thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, cerebrum

Question 13

Hippocampus is part of the _____?

Answer 13

Limbic system

Question 14

Structures in basal gangia

Answer 14

Caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra

Question 15

Fx of basal ganglia

Answer 15

Planning, organizing, and coordinating voluntary movement

Question 16

Basal ganglia pathology linked to these dx

Answer 16

Huntington’s, Parkinson’s, Tourette’s, OCD, ADHD

Question 17

Parkinson’s: NTs and brain region

Answer 17

Less dopamine (substantia nigra in basal ganglia) –> this leads to less GABA

Question 18

Huntington’s: NTs and brain region

Answer 18

Less GABA and more glutamate (basal ganglia, esp. caudate, putamen, globus pallidus)

Question 19

Apraxia & brain region damaged

Answer 19

Less skilled motor movement (parietal dmg)

Question 20

Anosognosia & brain region damaged

Answer 20

Can’t recognize own neurological sx (parietal dmg)

Question 21

Gerstmann’s syndrome & brain region damaged

Answer 21

Finger agnosia, L/R confusion, agraphia, acalcula (parietal dmg)

Question 22

Contralateral neglect & brain region damaged

Answer 22

Neglect of left-side of body and environment (dmg to R parietal)

Question 23

Tactile agnosia & brain region damaged

Answer 23

Inability to recognize objects by touch (parietal dmg)

Question 24

Rebound hyperexcitability

Answer 24

After abrupt cessation of benzos; insomnia and other sx that were more intense prior to taking drugs

Question 25

Meds associated with suffix: pam

Answer 25

Benzos

Question 26

Meds associated with suffix: lam

Answer 26

Benzos

Question 27

Meds associated with suffix: pine

Answer 27

Atypical antipsychotics, anticonvulsants

Question 28

Meds associated with suffix: one

Answer 28

Atypical antipsychotics

Question 29

Meds associated with suffix: ole

Answer 29

Atypical antipsychotics

Question 30

Meds associated with suffix: zine

Answer 30

Typical antipsychotics, MAOIs

Question 31

Meds associated with suffix: ol

Answer 31

Typical antipsychotics

Question 32

Meds associated with suffix: opram

Answer 32

SSRIs

Question 33

Meds associated with suffix: mine

Answer 33

SSRIs, MAOIs, tricyclics

Question 34

Meds associated with suffix: tine

Answer 34

SSRIs

Question 35

Meds associated with suffix: line

Answer 35

SSRIs, MAOIs, tricyclics

Question 36

Meds associated with suffix: xine

Answer 36

SNRIs

Question 37

Meds associated with suffix: zid

Answer 37

MAOIs

Question 38

Typical vs. atypical antipsychotic suffix

Answer 38

Typical: zine, ol, xene Atypical: pine, done, ole

Question 39

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome & brain region damaged

Answer 39

Atrophy of neurons in thalamus due to long-term alcoholism Wernicke (mental confusion, ataxia) --> Korsakoff (anterograde & retrograde amnesia, confabulation)

Question 40

Define types of MS: 1. Primary progressive 2. Secondary progressive 3. Relapse-remitting 4. Progresssion-relapsing

Answer 40

1. Primary progressive: sx that steadily worsen w/ no remission 2. Secondary progressive: relapse-remitting can advance to this. Steady decline w/o remissions, flare-ups, or plateaus 3. Relapse-remitting: most common type of MS; temporary periods (relapses, flare-ups) and then periods of remission 4. Progression-relapsing: steadily worsens regardless of relapses or periods of remission.