Psychosis

Question 1

Psychosis is a diagnosis, true or false

Answer 1

False

it is an umbrella term of symptoms rather than a diagnosis

Question 2

what is psychosis

Answer 2

mental disorder in which the thoughts, affective response or ability to recognise reality are impaired

Question 3

what are classical characteristics of psychosis

Answer 3

hallucinations, delusions, formal thought disorder, lack of insight

Question 4

what are some organic causes of psychosis

Answer 4

dementia
delirium
TIA/stroke

Question 5

what are some causes of substance misuse induced psychosis

Answer 5

intoxication
withdrawal
delirium tremens

Question 6

define psychosis

Answer 6

inability to distinguish between subjective internal experience and objective external reality characterised by lack of insight

Question 7

list psychotic experiences

Answer 7

Hallucinations 
Ideas of reference
Delusions 
Formal thought disorder
Thought interference
Passivity phenomena 
Loss of insight

Question 8

what is a hallucination

Answer 8

perception without an external stimulus

Question 9

hallucinations have the same qualities as a normal perception, true or false

Answer 9

true

Question 10

can hallucinations occur in any sensory modality

Answer 10

yes

Question 11

hallucinations are significant only in the context of other relevant symptoms, true or false

Answer 11

true

Question 12

what are ideas of reference

Answer 12

incidental events that have significant meaning by the person
“secret messages” to the person

Question 13

examples of ideas of reference

Answer 13

newspaper, tv, radio, other people’s conversations

Question 14

what are self referential experiences

Answer 14

belief that external events are related to oneself

Question 15

what is a delusion

Answer 15

fixed falsely held belief held with unshakeable conviction despite evidence to the contrary

Question 16

primary vs secondary delusion

Answer 16

primary = comes fully formed and explained
secondary = to explain other stuff going on eg auditory hallucination

Question 17

give examples of types of delusions

Answer 17

paranoia
persecutory 
jealousy
love
nihilism 
guilt
sin 
poverty 
health 
religion 
of reference
grandiosity

Question 18

what is a persecutory delusion

Answer 18

being spied on to be harmed

Question 19

what is a grandiose delusion

Answer 19

overinflated sense of worth

Question 20

delusion of guilt

Answer 20

claim to have committed sin

self critical

Question 21

delusion of nihilism

Answer 21

belief that you are dead, organs have perished etc

Question 22

what is an erotomanic/De Clerambault delusion

Answer 22

that someone famous is in love with you

Question 23

what is a jealousy/Othello delusion

Answer 23

that you have an unfaithful partner

Question 24

what makes a delusion abnormal/false

Answer 24

that they are culturally inappropriate to the individual

Question 25

thought disorders can be directly observed, true or false

Answer 25

false | must be inferred from pattern of speech

Question 26

what is a neologism

Answer 26

made up vocabulary that makes sense to the individual

Question 27

what is circumstantiality

Answer 27

speech digressing from main topic but eventually return to the main topic

Question 28

what is tangientiality

Answer 28

never get back to original question because they add a lot of irrelevant details

Question 29

what is clanging and punning

Answer 29

change topic based on sounds or meaning of words

Question 30

what is loosening of association

Answer 30

unrelated jumping of ideas

Question 31

what is flight of ideas

Answer 31

rapidly shifting thoughts

Question 32

what is knight's move thinking

Answer 32

changing topics based on words from the previous sentence

Question 33

what is verbigeration/word salad

Answer 33

random words thrown together in an unintelligible manner

Question 34

examples of thought intereference

Answer 34

thought insertion, withdrawal, broadcasting and blocking

Question 35

what is thought insertion

Answer 35

thoughts put into your head that dont belong to you

Question 36

what is thought withdrawal

Answer 36

thoughts being taken out your head

Question 37

what is thought broadcasting

Answer 37

everyone knows what you are thinking

Question 38

what is thought blocking

Answer 38

halfway through thinking and thought dries up

Question 39

examples of passivity phenomena

Answer 39

volition - made action affect - made feeling impulse - made urges somatic passivity - influence on the body

Question 40

self referential delusions are specific to a certain disorder, true or false

Answer 40

false, not specific to any diagnosis

Question 41

describe drug induced psychosis

Answer 41

florid symptoms/acute onset or chronic onset | short lasting if drug removed

Question 42

describe depressive psychosis

Answer 42

low mood delusions of worthlessness, guilt, hypochondriasis, poverty, nihilism threatening 2nd person auditory hallucinations

Question 43

describe mania with psychosis

Answer 43

elevated mood/irritable delusions of grandiose, persecution, special ability, religion auditory hallucinations eg God's voice Flight of ideas

Question 44

describe delirium as a cause of psychosis

Answer 44

``` acute transient disturbance - clouding of consciousness fluctuating, worse at night impaired cognition visual hallucinations persecutory delusions psychomotor disturbance irritability insomnia disorientation ```

Question 45

causes of drug induced psychosis

Answer 45

``` steroids cannabis cocaine tobacco alcohol amphetamines ```

Question 46

is heroin a cause of psychosis

Answer 46

NO

Question 47

what is a functional hallucination

Answer 47

hallucination triggered by a stimulus in the same modality and can co-occur with it

Question 48

what are the dopaminergic pathways in the brain

Answer 48

tuberoinfundibular nigrostriatal/extrapyramidal mesolimbic/cortical

Question 49

what does the tuberoinfundibular pathway control

Answer 49

PRL release

Question 50

what does the mesolimbic pathway control

Answer 50

motivation and reward system

Question 51

what does the nigrostriatal pathway control

Answer 51

extrapyramidal system