Learning disabilities

Question 1

define learning disability

Answer 1

affects overall IQ and every level of your life

difficulty in caring for yourself

Question 2

define learning difficulty and is it a psychiatric disorder

Answer 2

specific problem eg dyslexia, dyspraxia, dyscalculia

NOT a psychiatric disorder

Question 3

examples of developmental disorders

Answer 3

ASD

ADHD

Question 4

what does PWLD stand for

Answer 4

people with learning disabilities

Question 5

which terms are used in
ICD10/DSM5
legally

Answer 5

ICD10/DSM5 = mental retardation 
legally = mental handicap

Question 6

PWLD are more likely to have which conditions

Answer 6

epilepsy
hypothyroidism 
diabetes mellitus 
HF
CKD
stroke

Question 7

what is a learning disability and its characteristics

Answer 7

condition of incomplete development of the mind characterised by impairment of skills which is manifested during the developmental period which contribute to the overall level of intelligence

Question 8

what are the criteria for learning disabilities

Answer 8

IQ < 70 (3% of population)
deficits in adaptive functioning
developmental aetiology ie occurs <18 years old

Question 9

what is the average IQ

Answer 9

100

Question 10

what psychometric testing is used

Answer 10

WAIS - adults
WISC - children
WPPSI - preschool

Question 11

what is the Flynn effect

Answer 11

per generation, average IQ increases by 10 points

Question 12

how can you tell someone has a learning disability

Answer 12

dysmorphic features
info from carers
special schooling
behaviour and communication

Question 13

IQ range of mild LD

Answer 13

50-69

Question 14

IQ range of moderate LD

Answer 14

35-49

Question 15

IQ range of severe LD

Answer 15

20-34

Question 16

IQ range of profound LD

Answer 16

<20

Question 17

IQ of borderline LD

Answer 17

70+

Question 18

mental age in borderline LD

Answer 18

12-15

Question 19

mental age in mild LD

Answer 19

9-12

Question 20

mental age in moderate LD

Answer 20

6-9

Question 21

mental age in severe LD

Answer 21

3-6

Question 22

mental age in profound LD

Answer 22

<3

Question 23

is borderline LD a category in ICD10

Answer 23

no

Question 24

what is the most common LD

Answer 24

mild LD

Question 25

what are some causes of LD

Answer 25

``` chromosomal antenatal birth postnatal infancy/childhood ```

Question 26

chromosomal causes of LD

Answer 26

``` Down's ch21 Edward's ch18 Patau ch13 Cri du chat Angelman Prader Willi Velo-cardiofacial syndrome William's syndrome Turner's Trisomy X XYY male Fragile X tuberous sclerosis ```

Question 27

prenatal causes of LD

Answer 27

``` rubella CMV medications - antiepileptics alcohol poor diet ```

Question 28

perinatal causes of LD

Answer 28

``` hypoxia infection low glucose high bilirubin birth injury ```

Question 29

postnatal causes of LD

Answer 29

``` CNS infections tumours hypoxic brain injury toxins hypothyroid CP ASD ```

Question 30

what is more common in people with LD

Answer 30

psychiatric disorders

Question 31

what neurological condition is commonly associated with LD

Answer 31

epilepsy

Question 32

why might it be difficult to manage psychiatric disorders in those with LD

Answer 32

difficulty in diagnosis | treatment resistance and susceptibility to side effects

Question 33

assessment of someone with LD

Answer 33

``` formulation 4P's full history full physical exam MSE support network ```

Question 34

what are the management options for LD

Answer 34

therapeutic environment psychoeducation social communication

Question 35

what psychological treatment is available

Answer 35

CBT | psychodynamic therapy

Question 36

what pharmacological treatments are offered

Answer 36

antipsychotics for psychosis, behavioural disturbance, autism, ADHD antidepressants for depression, anxiety disorders, self injury, autism anticonvulsants for BPAD, episodic dyscontrol

Question 37

Schizophrenia is more/less common in LD

Answer 37

x3 more common

Question 38

features of schizophrenia in LD

Answer 38

earlier age onset negative symptoms more common severe LD

Question 39

depressive disorder is more/less common in LD

Answer 39

x3 more common