PT Test 19

Question 1

When working with a client who has COPD (stable and medically cleared for exercise) and likes
swimming, you should recommend they swim ______ days per week at a ______ intensity

Answer 1

> 3, high

Question 2

Dumbbells, barbells, kettle bells, and medicine balls are generally considered what type of
equipment?

Answer 2

dynamic external resistance devices

Question 3

Doris is an 80 year-old client who is beginning an exercise program. What is recommended when
providing initial stability ball training?

Answer 3

Place the ball close to a wall during the first few sessions

Question 4

You determine that a client is over striding when they run. What would be the effect on their
running performance due to this mechanical error?

Answer 4

Decrease in running economy and increase in braking motion.

Question 5

One difference between over-reaching and overtraining is that ______.

Answer 5

Overtraining involves a syndrome of prolonged fatigue in athletes whereas over-reaching may
be planned, short-term training phase of high-intensity exercise followed by short-term recovery.

Question 6

Overtraining symptoms may include

Answer 6

decreased neuromuscular strength

Question 7

What action is produced by the quadriceps femora muscles during the concentric phase of the
back squat exercise?

Answer 7

Knee extension

Question 8

Which muscles are used to flex the knee joint?

Answer 8

Hamstrings, Gracilis, and Sartorius

Question 9

Which is most associated with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation?

Answer 9

Stretching techniques

Question 10

Which statement is not an American College of Sports Medicine guideline for aerobic exercise and
the older adult?

Answer 10

A. Moderate intensity exercise on most days of the week.
B. Exercise must be vigorous and continuous to be beneficial.
C. Intensity guidelines established for younger people generally applies.
D. Initally increase exercise duration rather than intensity.
Answer: B

Question 11

What is the ACSM recommendation for an effective strength training program for a menopausal
client?

Answer 11

10-15 repetitions per set of moderate to vigorous intensity for 8-10 major muscle groups

Question 12

Which body fat distribution pattern is most commonly associated with an increased risk of
metabolic disease?

Answer 12

Android

Question 13

What is a potential side effect of taking diet pills prior to an exercise session?

Answer 13

Increase in blood pressure and heart rate

Question 14

What is bradycardia?

Answer 14

Heart rate less than 60 beats per minute

Question 15

What is tachycardia?

Answer 15

Heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute

Question 16

A 57 year old sedentary female client who has a blood pressure of 150/70 mm Hg and a total
serum cholesterol of 240 mg/dL (6.2 mmol/L) desires to begin a vigorous intensity exercise
program. How should the personal trainer advise the client?

Answer 16

Begin a low intensity exercise program until medical clearance is obtained

Question 17

Your new client is a 42 year old male who is a stock broker. His health history revealed the
following: total cholesterol 185 mg/dL (4.7 mmol/L), HDL 32 mg/dL (0.8 mmol/L), LDL 110 mg/dL
(2.8 mmol/L), resting blood pressure 138/80 mm Hg, waist circumference 98 centimeters. Based
on the client’s initial risk classification, what is the most appropriate suggestion for the client
regarding his exercise program?

Answer 17

Begin a vigorous exercise program immediately

Question 18

What is the order of “normal” electrical conduction of the heart?

Answer 18

SA Node, AV Node, Bundle of His, Bundle Branches, Purkinje Fibers

Question 19

Which structure is responsible for maintaining atrio-ventricular valve closure in the heart?

Answer 19

Papillary muscle

Question 20

The ______ is the muscle responsible for inspiration during quiet breathing.

Answer 20

diaphragm

Question 21

What acute cardiovascular responses accompany the transition from sitting to walking?

Answer 21

Increase in cardiac output, and arteriovenous oxygen difference

Question 22

When considering the acute responses of arm versus leg exercise, which is true?

Answer 22

At the peak work load, oxygen consumption is greater with leg exercise

Question 23

Cardiovascular adaptations to chronic endurance training include a(n)________ at a given fixed
submaximal exercise intensity.

Answer 23

increase in stroke volume and a decrease in heart rate

Question 24

Which peripheral adaptation is in part responsible for improvements in oxygen consumption that result from regular cardiovascular exercise?

Answer 24

Increased capillary density

Question 25

Following a 12 week aerobic conditioning program, an individual running at a submaximal workload would be expected to have a(n) ______ circulating blood lactate level as compared to the value obtained at that same absolute workload prior to the conditioning program.

Answer 25

somewhat lower

Question 26

What is most likely the cause of light-headedness and dizziness experienced by an older adult who moves from a lying to a standing position?

Answer 26

Decreased venous return

Question 27

Decreased muscle masses as a result of the aging process plays a role in ______ and ______

Answer 27

glucose intolerance, declining independence

Question 28

A 50-year-old woman who quit smoking 5 months ago with a BP of 120/90 mmHg, a BMI of 29 kg/m2, a LDL of 135 mg/dL, and a HDL of 70 mg/dL wants to start an exercise program. How many net positive risk factors does she have?

Answer 28

2

Question 29

You have a new male client who is 68” (1.73m) tall, 36 years old, weighs 194 lbs (88 kg) and is cleared by his physician to begin an exercise program of moderate intensity. Which constitutes a SMART weight loss goal for him?

Answer 29

Lose 1-2 lbs (0.45-0.9 kg) per week by walking 40 minutes, 5 times a week at 3.8 mph (6.1 km/hr) on the treadmill.

Question 30

Older adults may have difficulty performing activities of daily living due to ____

Answer 30

decreased joint mobility

Question 31

According to ACSM guidelines, the _____ is categorized under moderate risk for cardiovascular disease

Answer 31

A. 47 year old male with high blood pressure B. 51 year old female with high blood pressure C. 37 year old female with type 2 diabetes D. 65 year old male with no other risk factors Answer: A

Question 32

When proctoring the AHA/ACSM Health/Fitness Facility Preparticipation Screening Questionnaire to a new client, you learn that he may need to use a facility with a medically qualified staff or need a physician’s referral. What sole aspect of his history would put him in that category?

Answer 32

A. His blood cholesterol level is 250mg/dL (6.5 mmol/L) B. His blood pressure is 160/90 mm Hg C. He experiences chest discomfort with exertion D. He smokes 1 pack of cigarettes per day Answer: C

Question 33

A process that entails conveying complete understanding to a client or patient about his or her options to choose to participate in a procedure, test, service, or program is known as a(n) ______.

Answer 33

``` A. informed consent B. release or waiver C. standard of care D. assurance of instruction Answer: A ```

Question 34

QUESTION NO: 254 | The Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q) includes questions regarding

Answer 34

``` A. low density lipoproteins B. current fitness levels C. presence of chest pain and dizziness D. family history of heart disease Answer: C ```

Question 35

QUESTION NO: 255 According to ACSM guidelines, a _____ client who is beginning a/n _____ is recommended to obtain a medical examination and graded exercise test

Answer 35

A. 24 year old, sedentary male; moderate-intensity walking program B. 62 year old, sedentary and overweight male; moderate-intensity biking program C. 20 year old female who smokes one pack of cigarettes per day; eight week resistance training class D. 46 year old female, newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes; cycling class Answer: D

Question 36

QUESTION NO: 256 | One purpose of the pre-participation health screening is to ______.

Answer 36

identify clients in need of physician clearance

Question 37

Your client has discovered she is pregnant through a home pregnancy test. She wants to continue to exercise during her pregnancy and is seeking your help. What is the best recommendation?

Answer 37

Encourage her to consult with her physician for any possible limitations.

Question 38

Immediately following a chest and shoulder workout a 55-year-old male executive complains of a “dull ache” in the left side of the chest that is aggravated by respiration. What would you consider is the source of the pain?

Answer 38

Muscular

Question 39

What heart rate changes are observed as a result of chronic aerobic training?

Answer 39

Both submaximal heart rate for a standard exercise task, and resting heart rate decrease

Question 40

The stroke volume of a client who has a cardiac output of 5 liters per minute and a heart rate of 70 beats per minute is approximately _____.

Answer 40

70 mL

Question 41

What tends to cause the symptoms of soreness that occur at 24-48 hours after a single bout of intensive exercise?

Answer 41

Muscle fiber damage

Question 42

If you are palpating the anterior surface of the lateral side of the distal forearm, what pulse are you checking?

Answer 42

Radial

Question 43

What muscle is the prime mover for a seated lateral dumbbell raise to shoulder level with elbows slightly flexed?

Answer 43

Middle deltoid

Question 44

In comparison to type I muscle fibers, type II fibers ______

Answer 44

Are recruited at a higher percentage of maximum force

Question 45

In what plane does the lower leg move during the seated knee extension?

Answer 45

Sagittal

Question 46

What is defined as the ability to move a joint through its normal range of motion?

Answer 46

Flexibility

Question 47

Which occurs when running up an incline?

Answer 47

A greater range of motion occurs in the ankle joint

Question 48

Which is not true regarding a properly administered informed consent?

Answer 48

A. It provides an explanation of all procedures to be performed. B. It releases the facility and personnel from liability. C. It provides an opportunity for inquiries. D. It encourages and implies confidentiality. Answer: B

Question 49

QUESTION NO: 271 Your client is a 59 year old sedentary female with a body mass index of 33 kg/m2. She has no history of heart disease herself, but her mother had a myocardial infarction at the age of 66. She is an ex-smoker who quit 15 years ago, blood pressure is consistently 135/85 mm Hg, total cholesterol is 180 mg/dL (4.6 mmol/L) with an HDL level of 30 mg/dL (0.8 mmol/L), and blood glucose is 90 mg/dL. She has come to you for advice because she wishes to improve her overall health and fitness. If this client wanted to initiate a regular MODERATE intensity exercise routine, what is recommended by the American College of Sports Medicine prior to her participating in exercise?

Answer 49

Neither a medical examination nor submaximal exercise testing is necessary

Question 50

What behavioral strategy are you employing when you plan an outdoor exercise program for your client during his upcoming three-week vacation?

Answer 50

Relapse prevention

Question 51

One of your corporate wellness clients is normally consistent in attending appointments. Lately, he has been missing sessions. What strategy would not be the most appropriate way to demonstrate social support to encourage his adherence?

Answer 51

A.Contact his company Human Resources department with an attendance report. B. Send an e-mail reminding him of future appointments. C. Call the client expressing your concern. D. Encourage the client to find a workout partner to improve future adherence. Answer: A

Question 52

Where does ambivalence fall in the “Stages of Change” behavior model?

Answer 52

``` A. Preparation B. Contemplation C. Pre-contemplation D. Action Answer: B ```

Question 53

A dietary protein is considered "complete" when it ______.

Answer 53

contains all essential amino acids

Question 54

Individuals who have recently had a hip fracture or hip replacement surgery are usually instructed to avoid which motion of the hip?

Answer 54

``` A. Abduction B. Extension C. Internal rotation D. External rotation Answer: C ```

Question 55

You are demonstrating how to stretch to your client. Which statement about technique is correct?

Answer 55

A. Increase range of stretch during exhalation. B. Increase range of stretch using a slight bouncing movement. C. Increase range of stretch while breath holding. D. Increase range of stretch during inhalation. Answer: A

Question 56

General guidelines for increasing flexibility of the hamstring muscles include _____

Answer 56

warm-up, exhale during the stretch and maintain neutral position of the spine

Question 57

Which person would most likely experience intrinsic reinforcement?

Answer 57

A. Jane, age 30, who commenced her exercise program 2 weeks ago. B. Pete, age 27, who started his resistance training regimen to increase muscle mass one month ago. C. Alexis, age 49, who has been swimming for 6-months three times a week, to increase her cardiovascular endurance. D. Anna, age 54, who has a weight loss goal and has been walking three times a week for a month. Answer: C

Question 58

Which has been substantiated in the scientific literature as a supplement that may be helpful for decreasing the duration of the common cold but has been shown to interact with drugs taken for anxiety and high serum cholesterol?

Answer 58

Echinacea

Question 59

Claims relating to personal trainers violating their scope of practice occur most frequently in which area?

Answer 59

``` A. Supplement recommendations B. Emergency response negligence C. Violations of HIPAA D. Inappropriate exercise prescription Answer: A ```

Question 60

Which business model can be described as a formal business entity subject to laws, regulations, and the demands of stock holders?

Answer 60

Corporation

Question 61

Which component should be the primary focus of the mission statement for a personal training business?

Answer 61

Business ideals

Question 62

You learn that your client does not enjoy exercising and only maintains their exercise program to please their significant other. This client is ______ motivated

Answer 62

extrinsically

Question 63

What behavior change technique includes expressing empathy, developing discrepancy, rolling with resistance, and supporting self-efficacy?

Answer 63

Motivational interviewing

Question 64

The release of cortisol that results from repeated stressful events can lead to an increase in the accumulation of ______ and subsequently the release of free fatty acids into the blood stream

Answer 64

abdominal fat

Question 65

What strategy is least likely to increase adherance in a new client?

Answer 65

A. Keep exercise instensity high to expedite improvements. B. Minimize muscle soreness and injury. C. Individualize exercise goals and objectives. D. Use step counters to assess outcome measures. Answer: A

Question 66

Procuring general liability insurance and ______ provides legal protection for a personal trainer who has been accused of negligence.

Answer 66

professional liability insurance

Question 67

If the facility's ______ is not in place, a potential for litigation could occur

Answer 67

emergency policy

Question 68

Which would not be found on a quarterly profit and loss statement

Answer 68

``` A. Revenue from membership dues. B. Expenses due to payroll and benefits. C. Proportional fixed depreciation costs. D. Fixed assets like land or a building. Answer: D ```

Question 69

Determining an organization's guiding principles and goals is one element of ______.

Answer 69

strategic planning

Question 70

One example of a high cost/high impact marketing technique is ____

Answer 70

a television commercial depicting the facility and its employees

Question 71

According to the self-determination theory, a personal trainer would be most effective in helping a new client engage in an exercise regimen by ______.

Answer 71

encouraging him/her to choose a favorite mode of exercise in a supportive group environment that meets regularly

Question 72

What is the smallest contractile unit of a muscle cell?

Answer 72

Sarcomere

Question 73

When attempting to elicit “change talk” during Motivational Interviewing, the personal trainer should ______ of the client

Answer 73

make observations, express feelings, identify needs & make requests

Question 74

Which may decrease as a result of chronic aerobic training?

Answer 74

Plasma triglyceride levels

Question 75

Which concept best describes the effects of prolonged bed-rest?

Answer 75

Detraining

Question 76

Which muscle is a major agonist for hip abduction?

Answer 76

Sartorius

Question 77

As the intensity of dynamic exercise increases, which acute responses occurs?

Answer 77

Heart rate and systolic blood pressure increase, diastolic pressure remains unchanged.

Question 78

What physical fitness component is primarily emphasized when incorporating explosive Olympicstyle lifts into a resistance training program?

Answer 78

Muscular power

Question 79

What is an action of the hamstring muscles?

Answer 79

Hip extension

Question 80

What is the predominant factor causing an increase in strength during the initial weeks of training?

Answer 80

Improvements in neuromuscular adaptation.

Question 81

A client's workout plan shows scheduled increases and decreases in exercise volume. What training concept is being demonstrated

Answer 81

Periodization

Question 82

An appropriate exercise movement to develop the ________ is a ________ .

Answer 82

wrist flexors; wrist curl

Question 83

As the percentage of 1 RM (Repetition Maximum) resistance increases ______.

Answer 83

the number of repetitions until fatigue decreases

Question 84

Which describes a Valsalva maneuver performed during a free weight biceps curl?

Answer 84

Expiration of pressure against a closed glottis

Question 85

What are the minimal body fat percentages that place individuals at increased risk of disease?

Answer 85

A. male 23%, female 33%

Question 86

Mr. Garcia wishes to enroll in your exercise program. Preliminary evaluation revealed the following information: Age = 50 years Resting heart rate = 78 beats/min Weight = 198 lb (90 kg) Resting blood pressure = 162/94 mm Hg Height = 70 inches (178 cm) Body fat = 30% Blood chemistry: Total cholesterol = 240 mg/dl (6.21 mmol/L) HDL cholesterol = 34 mg/dl (0.88 mmol/L) Triglycerides = 180 mg/dl (2.03 mmol/L) Glucose = 98 mg/dl (5.55 mmol/L) Family history and current habits: Father died of heart attack at 90 years of age Hypertensive mother died at age 84 Smokes a pipe after dinner each evening Smokes cigarettes (25-30 per day) Reports too much work and is struggling to meet deadlines Currently doing moderate exercise No medications at present According to ACSM stratification guidelines, Mr. Garcia has which coronary artery disease risk factors?

Answer 86

Hypertension, high total cholesterol, smoking, age

Question 87

What factors should be taken into account when determining appropriate exercise test mode?

Answer 87

Age, health history, current physical activity level

Question 88

What is the recommended range of essential body fat necessary for normal physiological function?

Answer 88

3-5% for males; 8-12% for females

Question 89

What is the correct hand placement when spotting the supine dumbbell fly?

Answer 89

Close to the dumbbells or wrists of your client without touching them

Question 90

A client at your fitness center who has just completed a vigorous bout of exercise complains of fatigue, lightheadedness and shakiness. You know from his health history that he has type II diabetes. Which do you administer after you call for medical assistance?

Answer 90

Orange juice

Question 91

Joe consumed half of the adult Recommended Dietary Allowance for carbohydrates as noted on the nutrition facts panel for persons consuming 2500 calories per day. Approximately how many grams of carbohydrates does Joe have remaining today?

Answer 91

188

Question 92

Which is true about energy content of the macronutrients?

Answer 92

water = 0 kcal/gram, protein = 4 kcal/gram, alcohol = 7 kcal/gram

Question 93

Your client is a 59 year old sedentary female with a body mass index of 33 kg/m2. She has no history of heart disease herself, but her mother had a myocardial infarction at the age of 66. She is an ex-smoker who quit 15 years ago, blood pressure is consistently 135/85 mm Hg, total cholesterol is 180 mg/dL (4.6 mmol/L) with an HDL level of 30 mg/dL (0.8 mmol/L), and blood glucose is 100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L). She has come to you for advice because she wishes to improve her overall health and fitness. What initial American College of Sports Medicine risk stratification does this client fall into?

Answer 93

Moderate risk

Question 94

Atherosclerosis is primarily characterized by ______.

Answer 94

plaque development in the arteries

Question 95

Compared to adults, children are at a higher risk of ______ when exercising in a hot/humid environment

Answer 95

. muscular fatigue

Question 96

What changes occur during exercise following cigarette smoking?

Answer 96

``` A. Respiration rate is suppressed. B. Blood pressure response is suppresed. C. Heart rate response is exaggerated. D. Sympathetic activity is inhibited. Answer: C ```