PTA145-Unit2-Heat Modalities Flashcards
(44 cards)
1
Q
List temperatures used in Hot Whirlpool
A
- range is 90-110 degrees F
- for full body immersion, use 96-98 degrees F
- for just LE, use 100 degrees F
- for just UE, use 102 degrees F
2
Q
What is the treatment duration for Hot Whirlpool?
A
- initially 5-10 minutes
- increase up to 20-30 minutes
3
Q
List the 5 indications for Hot Whirlpool
A
- decreased range of motion
- subacute or chronic inflammatory conditions
- promoting muscular relaxation
- decreasing pain and muscle spasm
- peripheral nerve injuries (but avoid extreme temps)
4
Q
List the 6 contraindications for Hot Whirlpool
A
- acute conditions where turbulence would irritate
- acute conditions where limb would be gravity dependent
- patients requiring postural support
- skin conditions in spa-type tubs
- fever
- (see table 5-7)
5
Q
List the 8 precautions for Hot Whirlpool
A
- keep switch out of patient reach
- keep patient in view of staff
- may decrease temp gradually maybe for cold
- gravity-dependent and increased circulation may increase edema
- flowing water may nauseate patient
- patients under influence drugs at risk losing consciousness
- patients with seizure disorder or heart disease at risk losing consciousness
- patients suffering respiratory disease may have impaired breathing with full immersion
6
Q
List the 4 primary effects for Hot Whirlpool
A
- provides a supportive medium fro range of motion exercises
- the water provide resistance to rapid motions
- agitation and aeration of the water causes sedation, analgesia, and increased blood flow
- also includes the effects for hot treatments
7
Q
How is Moist Heat Pack prepared?
A
- use tongs to retrieve pack from hydrocollator
- wrap pack in 5-6 layers of towel, folded neatly
8
Q
What is the correct temperature range for the hydrocollator?
A
160-166 degrees F
9
Q
How long does a moist heat pack take to re-heat in the hydrocollator?
A
2 hours
10
Q
What is the treatment duration with Moist Heat Pack?
A
20-30 minutes
11
Q
List the 8 indications for Moist Heat Pack
A
- subacute or chronic inflammatory conditions
- reduction of subacute or chronic pain
- subacute or chronic muscle spasm
- decreased ROM
- hematoma resolution
- increasing muscle, tendon, fascial elasticity
- reduction of joint contractures
- infection
12
Q
List the 4 contraindications for Moist Heat Pack
A
- acute conditions (heat increases inflammatory response)
- peripheral vascular disease (heat doesn’t dissipate, increased risk of burn)
- impaired circulation
- poor thermal regulation
13
Q
List the 4 precautions for Moist Heat Pack
A
- do not allow direct contact between pack and skin
- use care if changing packs during a treatment
- cover infected areas and clean pack after
- avoid allowing patient to lay on pack - add layers of insulation
14
Q
List the 3 primary effects for Moist Heat Pack
A
- increased blood flow/vasodilation
- increased cell metabolism
- muscular relaxation secondary to reducing muscle spindle activity
15
Q
What is the correct temperature range for the Paraffin Bath?
A
118-126 degrees F
16
Q
How is patient prepared for Paraffin Bath?
A
- PT and pt wash hands up to elbows
- warn pt to avoid touching sides and bottom
- advise pt to hold hand relaxed, but with fingers apart
17
Q
How many dips for Paraffin Bath immersion?
A
6-12 dips
18
Q
How many dips for Paraffin Bath glove?
A
7-12 dips, then wrap in baggie and towel (folded neatly)
19
Q
What is treatment duration for Paraffin Bath?
A
15-20 minutes for both Immersion and Glove
20
Q
List the 4 indications for Paraffin Bath
A
- subacute and chronic inflammatory conditions (arthritis of fingers)
- limitation of motion after immobilization
- small irregularly shaped areas
- beneficial in chronic conditions
21
Q
List the 5 contraindications for Paraffin Bath
A
- open wounds (wax/oil irritate)
- skin infections (warm, dark environment excellent for breeding bacteria)
- sensory loss
- peripheral vascular disease
- (table 5-7)
22
Q
List the 3 precautions for Paraffin Bath
A
- do not allow touch sides or bottom of tank
- avoid use on patients who need a good grip afterwards
- be aware that the temp of paraffin is sufficient to cause burns
23
Q
What is the correct temperature range for Fluidotherapy?
A
110-125 degrees F
24
Q
How is Fluidotherapy prepared?
A
- preheated for 45-60 minutes
- set airspeed to 50
25
How is patient prepared for Fluidotherapy?
- PT and pt wash hands up to elbows
- patient removes jewelry
- PT secures sleeves around pt arm
- PT place pillow in pt lap
26
What is the treatment duration for Fluidotherapy?
20 minutes
27
List the 4 indications for Fluidotherapy
- pain reduction
- prior to joint mobilization
- ROM exercises combined with heat therapy
- nonrheumatoid arthritis
28
List the 5 contraindications for Fluidotherapy
- uncovered open wounds
- sensory loss
- peripheral vascular disease
- over cancerous lesions
- general medications that reduce patient's heat tolerance
29
List the 2 precautions for Fluidotherapy
- cover open wounds prior to treatment
| - sensitivity to allergic reactions caused by dust and pollen
30
Name the two types of Shortwave Diathermy
- inductive
| - capacitive
31
How is capacitive Shortwave Diathermy prepared?
- wipe treatment part with alcohol
- patient should feel gentle warmth, don't move
- some space between the unit and the part on both sides
- towel over treatment area
- towel over anywhere wire might touch
- least amount of wattage, most number of bars - intensity
- don't forget the towels for sweat
- and the kill switch
32
How is inductive Shortwave Diathermy prepared?
- wipe treatment part with alcohol
- first, look it up on the paper
- one layer of towel
- drum parallel to and touching treatment area
- set timer first
- let warm up for 10-15 seconds
- then turn intensity to desired setting
33
What is the treatment duration for Shortwave Diathermy?
- 20 minutes
| - check patient every 5 minutes
34
List the 10 indications for Shortwave Diathermy
- acute and chronic pain
- subacute and chronic inflammatory conditions in deep tissue layers
- chronic inflammatory conditions (arthritis, bursitis, tendinitis, myositis, osteoarthritis)
- range-of-motion restrictions
- muscle spasm
- edema reduction
- over fracture sites
- hematoma and contusions
- sinusitis
- venous stasis ulcers
35
List the 16+ contraindications for Shortwave Diathermy
- cardiac pacemakers, implanted electrode devices
- metal implants
- metal jewelry or piercings
- plastic implants
- bone cement
- ischemic areas
- acute injury
- over large regenerating nerves
- peripheral vascular disease
- over areas of active deep vein thrombosis or thrombophlebitis
- patients with tendency to hemorrhage, menstruating
- pregnancy or possibility
- fever
- anesthetic areas
- cancer
- epiphyseal plates, genitals, open lamina, infection, IUD, heart, carotid sinus/anterior neck, eyes and face, skull, perspiration, moist dressings
36
List the 14 precautions for Shortwave Diathermy
* Anesthetic area (thermal)
* Remove contact lenses when applying SWD around head, face or eyes
* A deep, aching sensation may be a symptom of overheating the tissues
* Individuals who are pregnant, may be pregnant or have implanted electronic devices should not be permitted within 50’ of the unit while output is being generated
* Be aware that since it is difficult to treat localized areas, water pathways within the tissues may dissipate heat formed in the treated area
* Be aware that severe burns may result if the skin is allowed to come into contact with the heating unit or the cables
* Be aware that with the cable method, a short circuit could be created if the cables touch
* Be aware that electrode pads should be spaced apart at least the distance their width
* Be aware that tissue can be overheated to the point of damage without any immediate signs. Deep tissue burning can cause destruction of muscular tissue or subcutaneous fat necrosis.
* Be aware that the presence of moisture will increase the rate of heating and may cause overheating of the skin; keep everything dry
* Be aware that when using capacitive SWD, excessive adipose tissue overlying the treatment are can cause overheating of the skin
* Be aware that the skin exposed to treatment should be covered by at least 0.5” of toweling
* Be aware that the electromagnetic energy is not localized to the treatment area, radiating 2-3’ from the source; the clinician should stay back 3’
37
List the 6 primary effects of thermal Shortwave Diathermy
- deep heating
- increased blood flow
- increased extensibility of collagen-rich tissues
- increased cell metabolism
- muscular relaxation
- possible changes in some enzyme reactions
38
List the primary effects of non-thermal Shortwave Diathermy
- improved tissue healing
- edema reduction
- lymphadema reduction
- healing of superficial, open wounds
39
What is the treatment duration for Ultrasound?
- 5 minutes X 1 ERA
| - if it should be 7.5, set it for 8 and stop early
40
How is Ultrasound prepared?
- wipe treatment part with alcohol or wash it
- properly support patient
- set frequency to 1 MHz or 3 MHz
- set duty cycle to 100% or 50% or 25%
- set intensity to 1.0 W/cm2
- set timer to 5 x ERA
- put gel on pt
- spread around the gel
- while moving transducer on treatment area, turn on machine, making sure to keep at 4 cm/s
- don't lift transducer while unit is on
41
How is Ultrasound used underwater?
- set intensity 1.5 W/cm2 because tap water
- keep soundhead submerged
- soundhead 0.5 inch from body part
- duty cycle thermal or non-thermal
- same speed 4 cm/s
- 1MHz because need to get through the water
42
List the 12 indications for Ultrasound
- chronic inflammatory conditions
- pain reduction
- joint contractures
- muscle spasm
- neuroma
- scar tissue
- sympathetic nervous system disorders
- trigger points
- warts
- spasticity
- post-acute reduction of myositis ossificans
- acute inflammatory conditions (non-thermal)
43
List the 16 contraindications for Ultrasound
- areas of active DVT or thrombophlebitis
- cancerous tumors
- sites of active infection or sepsis
- exposed metal that penetrates the skin (ext. fixation)
- replaced joints using plastic or fixated bone cement
- eyes, heart, skull, carotid sinus, genitals
- thorax in presence of implanted pacemaker
- pregnancy when used over pelvis or lumbar areas
- breast implants
- site of fracture before healing is complete
- site of stress fracture
- site of osteoporosis
- pelvic or lumbar area of menstruating women
- acute conditions (thermal)
- areas of impaired circulation (including arterial disease) (thermal)
- anesthetic areas (thermal)
44
List the 7 precautions for Ultrasound
- when applying US around spinal cord, especially after a laminectomy
- high treatment doses over the areas of ectopic bone
- over metal implants (treatment area must have normal sensory function and just keep the sound head moving)
- over epiphyseal plates of growing bone
- if symptoms do not improve after 3rd or 4th treatment, discontinue US
- anesthetic areas (non-thermal)
- when applying US over spinal cord, large nerve plexus or regenerating nerves (stick to low doses) (thermal)
