PTEM Ch 1-10 Flashcards

(50 cards)

1
Q

What is a sound wave?

A

Series of compressions and rarifactions in a medium

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2
Q

1.1

Intraoperative indications for TEE (9)?

A

1.1

PTEM Chapter 1-11 page 1

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3
Q

1.2

ICU indications for TEE (2)?

A

1.2

PTEM Ch 1-11 page 1

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4
Q

1.3

Absolute (1) and relative contraindications to TEE?

1.4

Is cervical spine injury an absolute contraindication?

A
  1. 3
  2. 4

PTEM Ch 1-11 page 1

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5
Q

1.5

Complications of TEE (8)?

A

PTEM Ch 1-11 page 2

1.5

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6
Q

1.6

Mortality and morbidity of TEE?

A

PTEM Ch 1-11 page 2

1.6

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7
Q

3.1

How many wall segments are there? What vessels perfuse which areas?

A

17 + cap

PTEM Ch 1-11 page 3

3.1

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8
Q

What is velocity of sound in tissue?

A

1540 m/s

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9
Q

Define

  1. 2 A-mode,
  2. 3 B mode,
  3. 4 M-mode, 2D and 3D
A

4.2, 4.3, 4.4

PTEM Ch 1-11 page 4

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10
Q

4.6

D period

D frequency

A

PTEM Ch 1-11 page 4

4.6

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11
Q

4.6

Define pulse duration

Define pulse repetition period

Define fulse repetition frequency

A

PTEM Ch 1-11 page 4

4.6

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12
Q
  1. 7 Define wavelength
  2. 8 Define amplitude
A

PTEM Ch 1-11 page 4

  1. 7
  2. 8
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13
Q

4.7b Power and intensity are proportional to what?

A

PTEM Ch 1-11 page 4

4.7b

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14
Q
  1. 9 Define spatial pulse length
  2. 10 Formula for axial resolution
A

PTEM Ch 1-11 page 5

  1. 9
  2. 10
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15
Q
  1. 11 Formula for Nyquist limit
  2. 11b Formula for intensity
A

PTEM Ch 1-11 page 5

  1. 11
  2. 11b
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16
Q

4.12 What are the types of spatial resolution, and what determines them?

A

PTEM Ch 1-11 page 5

4.12

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17
Q

4.12b Formula for axial resolution, what does this imply about which probes provide best axial resolution?

A

PTEM Ch 1-11 page 5

4.12b

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18
Q

4.13 Factors determining temporal resolution (2)?

A

PTEM Ch 1-11 page 5

4.13

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19
Q

Define Gain.

What is best gain level usually?

A

PTEM Ch 1-11 page 6

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20
Q

4.16

Define and explain time gain compensation

A

4.16

PTEM Ch 1-11 page 6

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21
Q

4.17

Define and explain lateral compensation

A

4.17

PTEM Ch 1-11 page 6

22
Q

4.18

Define compression, what are it’s consequences?

A

4.18

PTEM Ch 1-11 page 6

23
Q

4.19

How does electronic focus work?

A

4.19

PTEM Ch 1-11 page 6

24
Q

5.1.5

How does Doppler shift work?

A

PTEM Ch 1-11 page 7

5.15

25
5.16 Formula for Doppler shift?
PTEM Ch 1-11 page 7 5.16
26
5.17 Formula for velocity by Doppler?
PTEM Ch 1-11 page 7 5.17
27
5.17b What assumption does machine make when calculating velocity? Beyond what point does this lead to estimation errors?
PTEM Ch 1-11 page 7 5.17b
28
5. 18 How does continuous wave doppler work? 5. 19 Implications for pulse repetition frequency and Nyquist limit?
PTEM Ch 1-11 page 7 5.18 & 5.19
29
5.19 What is range ambiguity and when is it seen?
5.19 PTEM Ch 1-11 page 7
30
5.20 How does pulse wave doppler work?
5.20 PTEM Ch 1-11 page 8
31
6.1 limitations of pulse wave doppler (2)
6.1 PTEM Ch 1-11 page 9
32
6.2
6.2
33
6.3 what happens above the Nyquist limit?
6.3 PTEM Ch 1-11 page 9
34
6.4 how do you minimize aliasing (4)?
6.4 PTEM Ch 1-11 page 9
35
6. 5 what is colour flow doppler 6. 6 what are it's limits (3)?
6. 5 6. 6 PTEM Ch 1-11 page 9
36
7.1 what is a low pass filter. used when?
7.1 PTEM Ch 1-11 page 10
37
7.2 what is a high pass filter? Used when?
7.2 PTEM Ch 1-11 page 11
38
7.4 5 functions of a receiver?
7.4 PTEM Ch 1-11 page 10
39
8. 1 3 common 8. 2 6 uncommon ways to assess LV function?
8. 1 8. 2 PTEM Ch 1-11 page 12
40
8.1b N values for LV FS, FAS and EF?
8.1b PTEM Ch 1-11 page 12
41
8.4 Causes of regional wall motion abnormalities?
8.4 PTEM Ch 1-11 page 11
42
8.5 formula and N value for fractional shortening? Where to best measure?
8.5 PTEM Ch 1-11 page 12
43
8.7 weakness of fractional shortening measure?
8.7 PTEM Ch 1-11 page 12
44
8.8 Formula and N value or fractonal area change? What to do with papillaries?
8.8 PTEM Ch 1-11 page 12
45
8.9 Eponym and formula for EF? N value?
8.9 PTEM Ch 1-11 page 12
46
8.10 what factors does LV EF depend on?
8.10 PTEM Ch 1-11 page 13
47
8.11 formula for stroke volume? How do we calculate this with echo?
8.11 PTEM Ch 1-11 page 13
48
9.1 5 grades of segmental wall function?
9.1 PTEM Ch 1-11 page 14
49
8.12
8.12
50
8.13
8.13