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TEE > PTEM Ch 11-20 > Flashcards

PTEM Ch 11-20 Flashcards

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1
Q

11.1 Which views are used to see AoV? (5)

A

PTEM Ch 1-11 page 19

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2
Q

11.2

Names and locations of AoV cusps on MESAX view - draw

A

PTEM Ch 1-11 page 19

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3
Q

Measuremnts to make of Ao and AoV in LAx - draw

N value of Ao root diameter?

A

PTEM Ch 1-11 page 19

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4
Q

11.6

What are the best views for measuring VTI for calc of AoV? (3) Why?

A

PTEM Ch 1-11 page 20

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5
Q

11.7

5 Qs to ask when assessing AI?

A

PTEM Ch 1-11 page 20

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6
Q

11.8

11 features used for grading AI severity?

Journal paper that describes this?

A

PTEM Ch 1-11 page 20

JASE 2003 16:777

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7
Q

11.9

Draw the P-V curve for normal LV, one with compensated AI, and one with decompensated AI

Describe the natural history of decompensation

Is AI a pressure or volume overload problem?

A

PTEM Ch 1-11 page 21

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8
Q

11.11

Specific values for mild, mod, severe AI on common measures of AI

A

PTEM Ch 1-11 page 21

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9
Q

11.13

4 criteria predicting high risk AI (needs surgery)?

A

PTEM Ch 1-11 page 22

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10
Q

11.14

Value to descriminate low versus high rish AI in Marfan’s?

A

PTEM Ch 1-11 page 22

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11
Q

11.15

Is AS a pressure or volume problem?

A

PTEM Ch 1-11 page 22

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12
Q

13.1

Draw the relations of the MV, Ao and TV, with trigones and fibrosa.

A

PTEM page 23

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13
Q

13.2

Why does MV dilation happen anterior to posterior?

A

PTEMasters page 23

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14
Q

13.3

Describe blood supply to MV pappillaries. What does thjis imply about ischemia and rupture?

A

PTEMasters page 23

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15
Q

13.5

Divisions of MV leaflets? How are they named?

A

13.5

PTEMasters page 23

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16
Q

13.6

Describe shape of MV, what is it’s shortest axis and N length?

A

PTEMasters page 23

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17
Q

13.7

In what views are what scallops of MV seen?

A

PTEMasters page 24

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18
Q

13.9

Commonest leaflet to cause MR?

A

P2

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19
Q

14.3

Commonest causes of MR in 1st and 3rd world?

A

PTEMasters page 25

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20
Q

14.7

What is SAM, when is it seen?

A

PTEMasters page 26

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21
Q

14.8 relationship between regurg jet and problem leaflet is SAM?

A

14.8

PTEMasters page 27

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22
Q

14.9

Risk factors for SAM after MV repair?

A

PTEMasters page 27

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23
Q

14.10

Ant to post leaflet ratios and C-sept values that predict high and low risk of SAM after MV repair?

A

PTEMasters page 27

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24
Q

15.1

Commonest cause of MS and pathophysiology

A

PTEMasters page 28

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25
15.1 Diagnosic leaflet appearance in MS?
PTEMasters page 28
26
15.2 Less common causes of MS (5)?
PTEMasters page 28
27
15.3 5 ways to calculate MV area?
PTEMasters page 28
28
15.4 Methods and specific values for grading MS?
PTEMasters page 28
29
15.5 Explain method for calulating MV area with P1/2T method and average delta P method. What are the problems with both of these methods?
PTEMasters page 29
30
15.7 What does PISA stand for? Concept behind PISA method?
P1/2T method and average delta P method 29
31
15.8 Formulas for describing how to calculate PISA - write entire process Where do we measure the shell, how do we know the velocity here?
PTE Masters page 30
32
15.10 5 methods to calculate and quantify MR Quantified values for 3 of them
PTE Masters page 31
33
18.1 views to evaluate R heart?
ME4C and RV I/O L coronary sinus view TG mid pap RV SAX
34
18*.2* How do you know which TV leaflets you are looking at in ME4C view?
PTE Masters page 33
35
18.3 Uses of RV I/O view
18.3 PTE Masters page 33
36
Draw LE coronary sinus view
PTE Masters page 33
37
What views are used to calculate RV Sys pressure? What is formula for RV systolic pressure?
PTE Masters page 34
38
in modified bicaval view, how do you distinguish IVC and coronary sinus?
PTE Masters page 34
39
What percent of post CPB shock is due to FR failure? 3 causes of post CPB RV failure?
PTE Masters page 34
40
Unique feacture of isovolumetric accelerastio (IVA) as a measure of RV function?
PTE Masters page 35
41
5 measures of RV function and their normal values
PTE Masters page 35
42
Normal values an lower limit for TAPSE? What views to use?
PTE Masters page 35
43
Draw tissue doppler waveform for RV with lettering. What is normal value for S1?
PTE Masters page 35
44
What view do we use for TVS1 and IVA calculations of RV function? Draw the waveform and label How is IVA calculated?
PTE Masters page 36
45
When is septal flattening usually seen in RV VOLUME overload?
PTE Masters page 36
46
What is the eccentricy index for septal flattening? Where measured and what are important values?
PTE Masters page 36
47
When does septal flattening happen in RV PRESSURE overload?
PTE Masters page 36
48
What does RV wall look like in chronic pressure overload (value)?
PTE Masters page 37
49
What is McConnell's sign?
PTE Masters page 37
50
Name TV leaflets. What os location of septal leaflet anatomically
PTE Masters page 37
51
Draw ME4C view, what /tv leaflets do you see?
PTE Masters page 37
52
Draw ME RV I/O view, what TV leaflets do you see?
PTE Masters page 37
53
What causes TR in most adults?
PTE Masters page 37
54
Difference between structoral and functional causes of TR? 5 casues of structural?
PTE Masters page 38
55
What is Ebstein's anomaly (7)?
PTE Masters page 38
56
What is carcinoid syndrome. What echo findings are seen?
PTE Masters page 38
57
3 ways to grade TR? what are criteria for mild/mod/severe?
PTE Masters page 38
58
Draw CVP tracing with letters. What does each letter represent?
PTE Masters page 39
59
What is the relationship between flows in CVP and heptatic vein? Draw heptatic vein flow tracing Relate a,c,v,x,y in CVP with hepatic flow diagram
Increased central pressure decrease or reverse hepatic vein flow PTE Masters page 39
60
Grades of MV leaflet motion in MR?
PTEMasters page 26
61
Grading methods for MR? What are the values for each for severe MR?
PTEMasters page 26
62
14.6 What is the Coanda effect?
PTEMasters page 26
63
11.3
64
65
11.5
66
13.8
67
68
14.1
69
70
14.2
71
72
14.4
73
14.5
74
75
15.2
76
77
15.6
78
79
15.9
80

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